Cultivares de café Conilon (Coffea canephora) sob estresse salino-hídrico
Data
2012-03-01
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”
Resumo
A cafeicultura expandiu-se para áreas consideradas pouco aptas ao seu desenvolvimento e o cafeeiro Conilon tem apresentado características de adaptações para tais áreas. Nessas áreas, a salinidade aliada à deficiência hídrica apresentam restrições para cultivos de certas espécies ou cultivar, interferindo no crescimento e desenvolvimento de culturas comerciais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar de forma comparativa os efeitos da salinidade aliada à disponibilidade hídrica do solo, em cultivares de café Conilon na fase inicial de crescimento, por meio de variáveis fisiológicas e nutricionais. O experimento foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido em área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Rural da FCA- UNESP, Botucatu-SP, no delineamento estatístico de blocos casualizados com duas cultivares de Conilon (clones 120 e 14), quatro níveis de salinidade no solo (0,0; 2,0; 4,0 e 6,0 dS m -1 ) e dois teores de água no solo (50% e 70% da água disponível no solo - AD), com 4 repetições, totalizando 64 parcelas, com um vaso e uma planta. Aos 165 dias, as mudas foram transplantadas para vasos com capacidade de 10 litros, mantidas com teor de água no solo próximo a capacidade de campo por 15 dias. Atingindo os níveis (50% e 70% da AD), os vasos passaram a ser monitorados por pesagens diárias, com reposição da água até os níveis pré-determinados. As avaliações de crescimento (área foliar, diâmetro do caule e altura do caule) foram aos (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 e 180 dias) com medições realizadas a partir dos 20 dias após diferenciação dos tratamentos (DAT) de água no solo. Para teor relativo de água e potencial hídrico foliar considerou-se (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 DAT). Ao final do experimento (180 DAT) em todas as plantas, contou-se número de ramos plagiotrópicos e por ocasião da coleta do experimento coletaram-se folhas expandidas da região mediana, para avaliação da concentração de pigmentos fotossintéticos. Obteve-se a biomassa seca da parte aérea (ramos, caules e folhas) e raízes da qual determinou-se a razão massa seca raiz:parte aérea e teores de macro e micronutrientes e sódio, com teores de nutrientes estabelece-se as relações iônicas Ca/Na e K/Na. O clone 120 é menos sensível a salinidade com base nas características de crescimento e nutrientes estudados, os teores de N, K, Mg, B e Na tende a aumentar e Fe, Mn e Zn a diminuir com o aumento da salinidade nos teores de água no solo.
Coffee production has expanded to areas considered unsuitable to its development. Conilon coffee plant has shown adaptation characteristics for such areas where salinity combined to water deficit restrict crops of certain species or cultivar, interfering in the growth and development of commercial crops. This study aimed to compare the effects of salinity and soil water availability on Conilon coffee cultivars in the initial phase of the development through physiological and nutritional variables. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment of an experimental area of the Department of Rural Engineering of FCA-UNESP, Botucatu-SP, in a random block statistical design with two Conilon cultivars (clones 120 and 14), four levels of soil salinity (0.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 dS m -1 ) and two water contents in the soil (50% and 70% of available water in the soil – AW) and four replications, totalizing 64 plots with a vase and a plant. At 165 days, the seedlings were transferred to 10- liter vases, and the soil water content was kept almost at field capacity for 15 days. The vases were weighed daily, and water was replaced until pre-determined levels when they reached (50% and 70% of AW). Growth evaluations (leaf area, stem diameter and stem height) were done at (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 days), and 20 days after the differentiation of water treatments (DAT) in the soil, measurements were done. For relative water content and leaf water potential, (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 DAT) were taken into consideration. At the end of the experiment (180 DAT), the number of plagiotropic branches was counted; and at the time of the experiment, expanded leaves of the medial region were collected for the evaluation of photosynthetic pigmentation concentration. Dry biomass of the aerial part (branches, stems and leaves) and roots was obtained to determine root dry mass: aerial part ratio, and contents of macro and micronutrients and sodium. Nutrient contents established Ca/Na and K/Na ionic relations. It was concluded that clone 120 is less sensitive to salinity based on the growth characteristics and studied nutrients. N, K, Mg, B and Na contents tend to rise whereas Fe, Mn and Zn tend to decrease with salinity increase in soil water content.
Coffee production has expanded to areas considered unsuitable to its development. Conilon coffee plant has shown adaptation characteristics for such areas where salinity combined to water deficit restrict crops of certain species or cultivar, interfering in the growth and development of commercial crops. This study aimed to compare the effects of salinity and soil water availability on Conilon coffee cultivars in the initial phase of the development through physiological and nutritional variables. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment of an experimental area of the Department of Rural Engineering of FCA-UNESP, Botucatu-SP, in a random block statistical design with two Conilon cultivars (clones 120 and 14), four levels of soil salinity (0.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 dS m -1 ) and two water contents in the soil (50% and 70% of available water in the soil – AW) and four replications, totalizing 64 plots with a vase and a plant. At 165 days, the seedlings were transferred to 10- liter vases, and the soil water content was kept almost at field capacity for 15 days. The vases were weighed daily, and water was replaced until pre-determined levels when they reached (50% and 70% of AW). Growth evaluations (leaf area, stem diameter and stem height) were done at (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 days), and 20 days after the differentiation of water treatments (DAT) in the soil, measurements were done. For relative water content and leaf water potential, (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 DAT) were taken into consideration. At the end of the experiment (180 DAT), the number of plagiotropic branches was counted; and at the time of the experiment, expanded leaves of the medial region were collected for the evaluation of photosynthetic pigmentation concentration. Dry biomass of the aerial part (branches, stems and leaves) and roots was obtained to determine root dry mass: aerial part ratio, and contents of macro and micronutrients and sodium. Nutrient contents established Ca/Na and K/Na ionic relations. It was concluded that clone 120 is less sensitive to salinity based on the growth characteristics and studied nutrients. N, K, Mg, B and Na contents tend to rise whereas Fe, Mn and Zn tend to decrease with salinity increase in soil water content.
Descrição
Tese de doutorado defendida na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”.
Palavras-chave
Coffea canephora, Salinidade, Déficit hídrico, Crescimento de plantas, Nutrição mineral
Citação
TEMÓTEO, A. S. Cultivares de café Conilon (Coffea canephora) sob estresse salino-hídrico. 2012. 117 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia) - Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu. 2012.