Resistência de acessos do banco de germoplasma de café da EPAMIG a Hypothenemus hampei
Arquivos
Data
2018-04-30
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O primeiro passo para desenvolvimento de cultivares resistentes a um inseto fitófago consiste em avaliar criteriosamente genótipos da planta hospedeira de interesse agronômico na tentativa de identificar fontes de resistência ao inseto. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a resistência de acessos de Coffea arabica à broca do café Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Para isso, este trabalho foi dividido em duas partes, a primeira foi realizada em campo e nela se avaliou a intensidade de ataque da praga a 100 acessos do Banco de Germoplasma de café da EPAMIG, usando como comparador a variedade Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99. Contabilizou-se a porcentagem de frutos atacados e o número de indivíduos imaturos e adultos por fruto, e se determinou a escala de penetração da broca do café. Já a segunda parte do trabalho foi realizada em laboratório e nela foi estimado o número de estádios biológicos e a taxa instantânea de crescimento populacional (ri) da broca nos 10 acessos mais resistentes à praga, selecionados no primeiro experimento, e na variedade controle (Catuaí Vermelho). Foi observado que 27 acessos de C. arabica foram os menos atacados por H. hampei e neles a porcentagem de frutos broqueados variou de 21 a 43%, enquanto que na variedade Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 o 79 ± 4% dos frutos estavam broqueados. A média de estádios biológicos de H. hampei variou entre os acessos menos infestados e correlacionou-se positivamente com a porcentagem de frutos broqueados na escala D (i.e., broca no interior da semente com sua descendência). No experimento em laboratório o número de ovos e larvas por fêmea e a taxa instantânea de crescimento populacional (ri) de H. hampei foram menores nos acessos MG0004 (Bourbon Vermelho), MG0175 (Caturra x H.T. IAC 2012), MG0205 (Guatenano) e MG0230 (Catuaí Erecta) para a primeira geração da broca, mas não para as gerações subsequentes, nas quais o valor de ri não diferiu entre os genótipos avaliados. Os acessos destacados neste estudo figuram-se como promissores na busca pela obtenção de variedades de café com maior resistência a H. hampei do que as atualmente cultivadas.
The first step in the development of cultivars resistant to a phytophagous insect is to carefully evaluate genotypes of the host plant of agronomic interest in an attempt to identify sources of resistance to the insect. Thus the objective of this work was to determine the resistance of Coffea arabica accesses to the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Therefore, this work was divided in two parts, the first one was carried out in the field and it was evaluated the intensity of attack of H. hampei to 100 accesses of the coffee Germoplasm Bank of the EPAMIG, using as comparator the variety Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99. The percentage of fruits attacked, the numbers of stages immature and adult per fruit were counted, and the penetration scale of the borer was determined too. The second part of the study was carried out in the laboratory and estimated the number of biological stages and the instantaneous rate of population growth (ri) of H. hampei in the 10 most resistant accesses, selected in the first experiment, and in the control variety (Catuaí Vermelho). It was observed that 27 accesses of C. arabica were the least attacked by H. hampei and in them the percentage of brocade fruits ranged from 21 to 43%, while in the variety Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 the 79 ± 4% of the fruits were brocade. Mean of H. hampei biological stages varied between the less infested accesses and positively correlated with the percentage of brocade fruits on the D scale (female and progeny inside seed). In the laboratory experiment, the number of eggs and larvae per female and the instantaneous rate of population growth (ri) of H. hampei were lower in the accesses MG0004 (Bourbon Vermelho), MG0175 (Caturra x HT IAC 2012), MG0205 (Guatenano) and MG0230 (Catuaí Erecta) for the first generation of the H. hampei, but not for subsequent generations, in which the value of ri did not differ among the evaluated genotypes. The accesses highlighted in this study appear to be promising in the search for obtaining coffee varieties with greater resistance to H. hampei than those currently cultivated.
The first step in the development of cultivars resistant to a phytophagous insect is to carefully evaluate genotypes of the host plant of agronomic interest in an attempt to identify sources of resistance to the insect. Thus the objective of this work was to determine the resistance of Coffea arabica accesses to the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Therefore, this work was divided in two parts, the first one was carried out in the field and it was evaluated the intensity of attack of H. hampei to 100 accesses of the coffee Germoplasm Bank of the EPAMIG, using as comparator the variety Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99. The percentage of fruits attacked, the numbers of stages immature and adult per fruit were counted, and the penetration scale of the borer was determined too. The second part of the study was carried out in the laboratory and estimated the number of biological stages and the instantaneous rate of population growth (ri) of H. hampei in the 10 most resistant accesses, selected in the first experiment, and in the control variety (Catuaí Vermelho). It was observed that 27 accesses of C. arabica were the least attacked by H. hampei and in them the percentage of brocade fruits ranged from 21 to 43%, while in the variety Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 the 79 ± 4% of the fruits were brocade. Mean of H. hampei biological stages varied between the less infested accesses and positively correlated with the percentage of brocade fruits on the D scale (female and progeny inside seed). In the laboratory experiment, the number of eggs and larvae per female and the instantaneous rate of population growth (ri) of H. hampei were lower in the accesses MG0004 (Bourbon Vermelho), MG0175 (Caturra x HT IAC 2012), MG0205 (Guatenano) and MG0230 (Catuaí Erecta) for the first generation of the H. hampei, but not for subsequent generations, in which the value of ri did not differ among the evaluated genotypes. The accesses highlighted in this study appear to be promising in the search for obtaining coffee varieties with greater resistance to H. hampei than those currently cultivated.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Hypothenemus hampei, Broca-do-café, Café - Resistência a doenças e pragas, Antibiose, Besouros
Citação
MANRIQUE BURBANO, Marylyn Bellyne. Resistência de acessos do banco de germoplasma de café da EPAMIG a Hypothenemus hampei. 2018. 31 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2018.