Determinação das propriedades físicas e de fluxo do café para projeto estrutural de silos e equipamentos
Data
2006-07-11
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O armazenamento do café é uma das etapas do processo produtivo que, quando não conduzida de forma adequada, contribui para uma grande parcela das perdas da produção. Um dos fatores que favorecem a melhoria dos sistemas de armazenamento é a elaboração de projetos estruturais de silos ou armazéns. Para que os produtores ou agroindústrias possam escolher a melhor maneira de armazenar seu café é necessário o conhecimento das propriedades físicas dos produtos armazenados. Seu conhecimento é de fundamental importância na avaliação estrutural da unidade, tomando como base o cálculo das pressões que irão ocorrer na parede do silo, assim como o padrão de fluxo na descarga do produto. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com intuito de se determinarem as propriedades físicas do café do tipo cereja descascado, dando subsídio aos projetos de uma estrutura de armazenamento e equipamentos usados no beneficiamento do produto, além de avaliar o fluxo ocorrido durante a descarga, para diferentes materiais de confecção do silo. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Lavras e na Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. Foi utilizada, para determinar o ângulo de atrito interno e o ângulo de atrito com a parede, a máquina de cisalhamento de Jenike. Para a avaliação do fluxo foram construídos dois modelos reduzidos, confeccionados em acrílico, um de seção retangular e outro de seção circular. Dos ensaios realizados, foram obtidos os seguintes valores das propriedades estudadas: 27o e 36o para os limites inferior e superior do ângulo de atrito interno e 31o e 40o para o efetivo ângulo de atrito interno, nos ensaios instantâneos. Para os ensaios com o tempo de consolidação foram determinados os limites para o ângulo de atrito interno de 32o, 37o para 6 horas de consolidação; 31o, 37o para 12 horas de consolidação e 28o e 36o para 48 horas de consolidação. Os valores limites encontrados para o efetivo ângulo de atrito interno com o tempo de consolidação foram 36o e 39o com 6 horas de consolidação; 33o e 41o com 12 horas de consolidação e 32o e 42o com 48 horas de consolidação. Os valores encontrados para a função fluxo caracterizam o café como um produto que flui facilmente. Entretanto, apresenta a possibilidade de ocorrência de obstruções no fluxo, com o tempo de consolidação, durante o armazenamento.
The storage of coffee is one of the productive process stages that, when not led by right form, contributes for a great portion of the losses of the production. One of the factors that favours the improvement of the storage systems is the elaboration of structural projects of silos. In order to the producers can choose the best way to store your coffee, it is necessary the knowledge of the physical properties of the stored products. Your knowledge has a fundamental importance in the structural evaluation of the unit, taking as base the calculation of the pressures that will be happen in the wall of the silo, as well as the flow pattern in the discharge of the product. This work was developed with the intention of being determined the physical properties of the coffee, giving subsidy to the projects of a storage structure and equipments used in the improvement of the product, besides evaluating the flow happened during the discharge, for different materials of making of the silo. The work was developed in the Federal University of Lavras and in the School of Engineering of São Carlos. It was used to determine the angle of internal attrition and the attrition angle with the wall the Jenike Shear machine. For the evaluation of the flow two reduced models were built made in acrylic, one of rectangular section and another of circular section. Of the accomplished assays, they were obtained the following values of the studied properties: 27o and 36o for the limits inferior and superior of the angle of internal attrition and 31o and 40o for the cash angle of internal attrition in the instantaneous rehearsals; For the assays with the time of consolidation were determined the limits for the angle of internal attrition of 32o, 37o for 6 hours of consolidation; 31o, 37o for 12 hours of consolidation and 28o and 36o for 48 hours of consolidation. The values limits found for the cash angle of internal attrition with the time of consolidation were 36o and 39o with 6 hours of consolidation; 33o and 41o with 12 hours of consolidation and 32o and 42o with 48 hours of consolidation. The values found for the flow function characterize the coffee as a product that flows easily. However, it presents the possibility of occurrence of obstructions in the flow with the time of consolidation during the storage.
The storage of coffee is one of the productive process stages that, when not led by right form, contributes for a great portion of the losses of the production. One of the factors that favours the improvement of the storage systems is the elaboration of structural projects of silos. In order to the producers can choose the best way to store your coffee, it is necessary the knowledge of the physical properties of the stored products. Your knowledge has a fundamental importance in the structural evaluation of the unit, taking as base the calculation of the pressures that will be happen in the wall of the silo, as well as the flow pattern in the discharge of the product. This work was developed with the intention of being determined the physical properties of the coffee, giving subsidy to the projects of a storage structure and equipments used in the improvement of the product, besides evaluating the flow happened during the discharge, for different materials of making of the silo. The work was developed in the Federal University of Lavras and in the School of Engineering of São Carlos. It was used to determine the angle of internal attrition and the attrition angle with the wall the Jenike Shear machine. For the evaluation of the flow two reduced models were built made in acrylic, one of rectangular section and another of circular section. Of the accomplished assays, they were obtained the following values of the studied properties: 27o and 36o for the limits inferior and superior of the angle of internal attrition and 31o and 40o for the cash angle of internal attrition in the instantaneous rehearsals; For the assays with the time of consolidation were determined the limits for the angle of internal attrition of 32o, 37o for 6 hours of consolidation; 31o, 37o for 12 hours of consolidation and 28o and 36o for 48 hours of consolidation. The values limits found for the cash angle of internal attrition with the time of consolidation were 36o and 39o with 6 hours of consolidation; 33o and 41o with 12 hours of consolidation and 32o and 42o with 48 hours of consolidation. The values found for the flow function characterize the coffee as a product that flows easily. However, it presents the possibility of occurrence of obstructions in the flow with the time of consolidation during the storage.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Propriedades físicas, Propriedades de fluxo, Silos
Citação
TEIXEIRA, L. G. R. TítuloDeterminação das propriedades físicas e de fluxo do café para projeto estrutural de silos e equipamentos 2006. 104 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2006.