Efeito da cafeína e do exercício físico sobre as respostas fisiológicas, metabólicas, cardiovasculares de ratos diabéticos
Data
2017-02-06
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Paraná
Resumo
O Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitui um grupo heterogêneo de distúrbios metabólicos que apresenta em comum a hiperglicemia, resultante de defeitos na ação da insulina, na secreção de insulina ou em ambas. Seu tratamento deve estar associado com modificação o estilo de vida, reduzindo comportamentos como inatividade física e maus hábitos alimentares, e utilizando estratégias para controle de forma rápida ou aguda, no caso do uso de fármacos. Exercício físico e dieta são os primeiros meios de tratamento para pessoas diagnosticadas com o DM, melhorando e controlando a glicemia plasmática aumentada nesse paciente. A ingestão de substâncias que auxiliam no controle glicêmico são consideradas boas estratégias para que não ocorra aumentos excessivos dos valores de pressão arterial ou rebote hipoglicêmico durante e após a atividade física. A cafeína é um alcalóide pertencente ao grupo das metilxantinas (1,3,7- trimetilxantina), possui mecanismos baseados na mobilização intracelular de Ca2+, aumento de catecolaminas e antagonismo dos receptores de adenosina. Seu consumo aumenta a oxidação de gorduras, maior utilização e entrada de carboidrato nas células musculares, liberação de insulina, o que pode melhorar o quadro metabólico diabético. Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos da cafeína associada ao exercício físico sobre as respostas cardiovasculares, hormonais e metabólicas em ratos diabéticos. Materiais e Métodos: Foram utilizados 48 animais, com 60 dias de idade, distribuídos em 8 grupos: Grupo Controle, Grupo Diabetes, Grupo Controle+Exercício, Grupo Diabetes+exercício, Grupo Cafeína, Grupo Diabetes+Cafeína, Grupo Cafeína+Exercício e Grupo Diabetes+Exercício+Cafeína. A indução do diabetes foi realizada pela administração de 120 mg/kg de aloxano (ALX). De forma crônica, os animais receberam 6 mg de cafeína ou salina, e realizado 40 minutos de exercício aeróbico, com sobrecarga de 4% corporal, durante 30 dias. Antes e após o treinamento e/ou tratamento, os animais exercitados foram submetidos a um teste de esforço com sobrecarga de 8% do peso corporal, por 40 min, avaliando respostas cardiovasculares (Frequência Cardíaca (FC), pressãoarterial sistólica (PAS) e duplo produto (DP)) e bioquímicas (glicose, glicerol e lactato). Os animais foram sacrificados para coleta de sangue, tecido hepático e muscular para análises bioquímicas (glicose, lactato, glicerol, creatina cinase, ácido úrico, creatinina, albumina, colesterol total) e hormonais (insulina, somatomedina, hormônio estimulante da tireoide, tiroxina, triiodotironina e o corticosterona). Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste de Análise de Variância Multivariada (MANOVA), considerando diferença estatística para valores de P<0.05, após o teste de post-hoc Tukey.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders that present hyperglycemia in common, resulting from defects in insulin action, insulin secretion or both. Their treatment should be associated with lifestyle modification, reducing behaviors such as physical inactivity and poor eating habits, and using strategies for rapid or acute control in the case of drug use. Exercise and diet are the first means of treatment for people diagnosed with DM, improving and controlling increased plasma glucose in that patient. Ingestion of substances that aid in glycemic control are considered to be good strategies to avoid excessive increases in blood pressure or hypoglycemic rebound during and after physical activity. Caffeine is an alkaloid belonging to the group of methylxanthines (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), has mechanisms based on intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization, increase of catecholamines and antagonism of adenosine receptors. Its consumption increases the oxidation of fats, increased use and entry of carbohydrate into muscle cells, release of insulin, which can improve diabetic metabolic disease. Objective: To verify the effects of caffeine associated with physical exercise on cardiovascular, hormonal and metabolic responses in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: 48 animals, 60 days old, were divided into 8 groups: Control Group, Diabetes Group, Control + Exercise Group, Diabetes Group + exercise, Caffeine Group, Diabetes + Caffeine Group, Caffeine Group + Exercise and Group Diabetes + Exercise + Caffeine. Induction of diabetes was performed by administration of 120 mg / kg aloxane (ALX). Chronically, the animals received 6 mg of caffeine or saline, and performed 40 minutes of aerobic exercise, with an overload of 4% body weight for 30 days. Before and after training and / or treatment, the exercised animals underwent an 8% body weight overload test for 40 min, evaluating cardiovascular responses (heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and Double product (DP)) and biochemical (glucose, glycerol and lactate). The animals were sacrificed to collect blood, liver and muscle tissue for biochemical analyzes (glucose,lactate, glycerol, creatine kinase, uric acid, creatinine, albumin, total cholesterol) and hormones (insulin, somatomedine, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxine, Triiodothyronine and corticosterone). For the statistical analysis, the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) test was used, considering a statistical difference for values of P <0.05, after the Tukey post-hoc test.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a heterogeneous group of metabolic disorders that present hyperglycemia in common, resulting from defects in insulin action, insulin secretion or both. Their treatment should be associated with lifestyle modification, reducing behaviors such as physical inactivity and poor eating habits, and using strategies for rapid or acute control in the case of drug use. Exercise and diet are the first means of treatment for people diagnosed with DM, improving and controlling increased plasma glucose in that patient. Ingestion of substances that aid in glycemic control are considered to be good strategies to avoid excessive increases in blood pressure or hypoglycemic rebound during and after physical activity. Caffeine is an alkaloid belonging to the group of methylxanthines (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), has mechanisms based on intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization, increase of catecholamines and antagonism of adenosine receptors. Its consumption increases the oxidation of fats, increased use and entry of carbohydrate into muscle cells, release of insulin, which can improve diabetic metabolic disease. Objective: To verify the effects of caffeine associated with physical exercise on cardiovascular, hormonal and metabolic responses in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: 48 animals, 60 days old, were divided into 8 groups: Control Group, Diabetes Group, Control + Exercise Group, Diabetes Group + exercise, Caffeine Group, Diabetes + Caffeine Group, Caffeine Group + Exercise and Group Diabetes + Exercise + Caffeine. Induction of diabetes was performed by administration of 120 mg / kg aloxane (ALX). Chronically, the animals received 6 mg of caffeine or saline, and performed 40 minutes of aerobic exercise, with an overload of 4% body weight for 30 days. Before and after training and / or treatment, the exercised animals underwent an 8% body weight overload test for 40 min, evaluating cardiovascular responses (heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and Double product (DP)) and biochemical (glucose, glycerol and lactate). The animals were sacrificed to collect blood, liver and muscle tissue for biochemical analyzes (glucose,lactate, glycerol, creatine kinase, uric acid, creatinine, albumin, total cholesterol) and hormones (insulin, somatomedine, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxine, Triiodothyronine and corticosterone). For the statistical analysis, the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) test was used, considering a statistical difference for values of P <0.05, after the Tukey post-hoc test.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal do Paraná.
Palavras-chave
Diabetes, Cafeína, Exercícios físicos, Glicemia
Citação
SILVA, L. A. Efeito da cafeína e do exercício físico sobre as respostas fisiológicas, metabólicas, cardiovasculares de ratos diabéticos. 2017. 89 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação Física) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba. 2017.