Teste LERCAFÉ: adequação e aplicação para avaliar a qualidade de sementes de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.)
Data
2007-07-23
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a utilização do teste LERCAFÉ para estimar a germinação e caracterizar diferentes tipos de injúrias/deteriorações em sementes de cafeeiro, bem como definir novas combinações de concentração do hipoclorito de sódio, tempo de embebição e temperatura de exposição, para tornar o teste LERCAFÉ ainda mais econômico e rápido. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Laboratório de Pesquisa de Sementes da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Foram realizados três experimentos, utilizando-se sementes de cafeeiro da variedade Catuaí IAC 44. No experimento I, foram utilizadas sementes com 33, 28, 23, 18 e 13% de umidade (base úmida), armazenadas em embalagem impermeável, à temperatura de 20±3oC. As sementes foram avaliadas pelos testes de germinação e LERCAFÉ, no qual foi computada a percentagem de sementes germináveis e não germináveis, caracterizando-se a deterioração durante o armazenamento. O teste LERCAFÉ consistiu na embebição das sementes sem pergaminho em solução a 2,5% de cloro ativo, por 3 horas, a 25oC, em BOD, adotando-se uma proporção de 100 mL de solução de hipoclorito de sódio para 50 sementes ou volume correspondente. Em seguida, as sementes foram lavadas em água corrente e embebidas em água destilada por 40 minutos. Os testes foram realizados aos zero, dois, quatro e seis meses de armazenamento. No experimento II, as sementes foram submetidas a diferentes tipos de injúrias, sendo os tratamentos constituídos de sementes sem injúria, sementes com injúria mecânica, sementes com injúria por secagem à temperatura de 40 e 60oC e sementes brocadas. As sementes foram avaliadas pelos testes de germinação e LERCAFÉ (idem experimento I), no qual foi computada a percentagem de sementes germináveis e não germináveis, caracterizando-se os diferentes tipos de injúrias. No experimento III, as sementes foram avaliadas pelos testes de germinação e LERCAFÉ, no qual foi computada a percentagem de sementes germináveis e não germináveis. Os tratamentos foram: embebição em solução aquosa contendo hipoclorito de sódio nas concentrações de 2,5; 3,5 e 4,5% de cloro ativo, durante período de embebição de 1, 2 e 3 horas, à temperatura de 25, 30 e 35oC. Para todos os tratamentos, as sementes, após terem seu pergaminho removido manualmente, foram acondicionadas em caixas gerbox com tela, onde ficaram embebidas em solução de hipoclorito de sódio, adotando-se a proporção de 100 mL de solução de hipoclorito de sódio para 50 sementes ou volume correspondente, numa concentração, tempo de embebição e temperatura de acordo com os tratamentos estabelecidos. Transcorrido o período de embebição, as sementes foram lavadas em água corrente e embebidas em água destilada por 40 minutos. No experimento I, observou-se, para todas as umidades estudadas, decréscimo na germinação durante o armazenamento. Pelo teste LERCAFÉ, observaram-se maiores percentagens de sementes com endosperma de coloração clara quando avaliadas antes do armazenamento (alto poder germinativo) e maiores percentagens de sementes com endosperma de coloração escuro (marrom ou preto) aos seis meses de armazenamento (baixo poder germinativo). Os valores de germinação estimados pelo teste LERCAFÉ apresentaram alta correlação (r>0,99) com os valores do teste de germinação. Os resultados obtidos no experimento II mostraram que o teste LERCAFÉ é eficiente para estimar a germinação e caracterizar os diferentes tipos de injúrias em sementes de cafeeiro. Para os três tipos de injúrias, o resultado de germinação, estimada pelo teste LERCAFÉ, apresentou alta correlação com os resultados obtidos pelo teste de germinação. A injúria mecânica caracterizou-se por uma fenda na região do embrião e/ou na região oposta ao embrião, aparecendo nas bordas destas aberturas uma mancha de coloração verde. A injúria térmica, por secagem à temperatura de 40 e 60oC, caracterizou-se pelo aparecimento de manchas esverdeadas espalhadas, atingindo parcialmente ou totalmente o endosperma da semente. A injúria por broca-do-cafeeiro caracterizou-se por uma depressão circundada por um anel de coloração verde. No experimento III as combinações 2,5% de cloro ativo, a 35oC, por 3 horas e 3,5% de cloro ativo, a 30oC, por 2 horas foram eficientes para estimar a germinação de sementes de cafeeiro, indicando ser possível reduzir o tempo para realização do referido teste.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the application of the LERCAFÉ test to estimate germination and characterize different types of injuries/deterioration in coffee seeds and to determine new combinations of concentration of sodium hypochlorite, imbibition time and temperature-time exposure to make the LERCAFÉ test even more economical and faster. The experiments were conducted at the Seed Research Laboratory of the Federal University of Viçosa. Three experiments were carried out using seeds of coffee variety Catuaí IAC 44. The experiment I included seeds with 33, 28, 23, 18 and 13% of tenors of water (wet basis) stored in impermeable packages at 20±3oC. Seeds were evaluated through the tests of germination and LERCAFÉ, in which the percentages of germinated and non-germinated seeds were calculated and deterioration during storage characterized. The LERCAFÉ test consisted of imbibition of seeds without parchment in solution of 2.5% active chlorine for 3 hours at 25oC in BOD, using 100 mL of sodium hypochlorite solution per 50 seeds or corresponding volume. Seeds were then washed in running tap water and soaked in distilled water for 40 minutes. The tests were carried out at 4 storage times: zero, two, four and six months. In the experiment II, the seeds were subjected to different types of damages, and the treatments consisted of non-damaged seeds, seeds with mechanical damage, heat damage (at 40 and 60oC) and bug damage. Seeds were then evaluated by tests of germination and LERCAFÉ (same as experiment I), calculating the percentages of germinated and non-germinated seeds and characterizing the deterioration during storage. In the experiment III, the seeds were evaluated by the tests of germination and LERCAFÉ by calculating the percentages of germinated and non-germinated seeds. The following treatments were applied: imbibition in solution of sodium hypochlorite in water at the concentrations of 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5% of active chlorine, imbibition times of 1, 2 and 3 hours, at 25, 30 and 35oC. In all the treatments, the seeds had the parchment manually removed and were stored in gerboxes with screen, soaked in sodium hypochlorite in the proportion of 100 mL of solution per 50 seeds or corresponding volume at temperatures, imbibition times and concentrations according to the treatments. Following the imbibition times, seeds were washed in running tap water and soaked in distilled water for 40 minutes. In the experiment I, germination decreased with storage for all the tested moisture contents. The LERCAFÉ test showed larger percentages of seeds with clear endosperm when evaluated before storage (high germinative power) and larger percentages of seeds with dark endosperm (brown or black) at the six months of storage (low germinative power). The germination estimated by the LERCAFE test had high correlation (r>0.99) with the values from the germination test. The results obtained from the experiment II showed that the LERCAFÉ test is efficient to estimate germination and characterize the different types of injuries in coffee seeds. The germination results estimated by the LERCAFÉ test had high correlation with the results from the germination test for the three types of injuries. The mechanical damage was characterized by a fissure in the embryo region and/or in the region opposed to the embryo, with a green stain surrounding the fissure borders. The heat damage, by drying seeds at 40 and 60oC, was characterized by scattered green stains, partially or totally covering the seed endosperm. A sunken lesion surrounded by a green ring characterized the damage by coffee berry borer. In the experiment III the combinations 2.5% of active chlorine, at 35oC, for 3 hours and 3.5% of active chlorine, at 30oC, for 2 hours, were efficient to estimate seed germination, indicating the possibility of reducing the time for carrying the test out.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the application of the LERCAFÉ test to estimate germination and characterize different types of injuries/deterioration in coffee seeds and to determine new combinations of concentration of sodium hypochlorite, imbibition time and temperature-time exposure to make the LERCAFÉ test even more economical and faster. The experiments were conducted at the Seed Research Laboratory of the Federal University of Viçosa. Three experiments were carried out using seeds of coffee variety Catuaí IAC 44. The experiment I included seeds with 33, 28, 23, 18 and 13% of tenors of water (wet basis) stored in impermeable packages at 20±3oC. Seeds were evaluated through the tests of germination and LERCAFÉ, in which the percentages of germinated and non-germinated seeds were calculated and deterioration during storage characterized. The LERCAFÉ test consisted of imbibition of seeds without parchment in solution of 2.5% active chlorine for 3 hours at 25oC in BOD, using 100 mL of sodium hypochlorite solution per 50 seeds or corresponding volume. Seeds were then washed in running tap water and soaked in distilled water for 40 minutes. The tests were carried out at 4 storage times: zero, two, four and six months. In the experiment II, the seeds were subjected to different types of damages, and the treatments consisted of non-damaged seeds, seeds with mechanical damage, heat damage (at 40 and 60oC) and bug damage. Seeds were then evaluated by tests of germination and LERCAFÉ (same as experiment I), calculating the percentages of germinated and non-germinated seeds and characterizing the deterioration during storage. In the experiment III, the seeds were evaluated by the tests of germination and LERCAFÉ by calculating the percentages of germinated and non-germinated seeds. The following treatments were applied: imbibition in solution of sodium hypochlorite in water at the concentrations of 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5% of active chlorine, imbibition times of 1, 2 and 3 hours, at 25, 30 and 35oC. In all the treatments, the seeds had the parchment manually removed and were stored in gerboxes with screen, soaked in sodium hypochlorite in the proportion of 100 mL of solution per 50 seeds or corresponding volume at temperatures, imbibition times and concentrations according to the treatments. Following the imbibition times, seeds were washed in running tap water and soaked in distilled water for 40 minutes. In the experiment I, germination decreased with storage for all the tested moisture contents. The LERCAFÉ test showed larger percentages of seeds with clear endosperm when evaluated before storage (high germinative power) and larger percentages of seeds with dark endosperm (brown or black) at the six months of storage (low germinative power). The germination estimated by the LERCAFE test had high correlation (r>0.99) with the values from the germination test. The results obtained from the experiment II showed that the LERCAFÉ test is efficient to estimate germination and characterize the different types of injuries in coffee seeds. The germination results estimated by the LERCAFÉ test had high correlation with the results from the germination test for the three types of injuries. The mechanical damage was characterized by a fissure in the embryo region and/or in the region opposed to the embryo, with a green stain surrounding the fissure borders. The heat damage, by drying seeds at 40 and 60oC, was characterized by scattered green stains, partially or totally covering the seed endosperm. A sunken lesion surrounded by a green ring characterized the damage by coffee berry borer. In the experiment III the combinations 2.5% of active chlorine, at 35oC, for 3 hours and 3.5% of active chlorine, at 30oC, for 2 hours, were efficient to estimate seed germination, indicating the possibility of reducing the time for carrying the test out.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
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Citação
ZONTA, J. B. Teste LERCAFÉ: adequação e aplicação para avaliar a qualidade de sementes de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.). 2007. 70 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2007.