Potássio em solos de regiões cafeeiras de Minas Gerais: formas e cinética de liberação por ácidos orgânicos
Arquivos
Data
1999
Autores
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Estudos sobre as formas e cinética de liberação do K do solo podem contribuir para melhor entendimento da disponibilidade desse nutriente para as plantas. Este experimento utilizou amostras do horizonte B de um Latossolo Roxo (LR) e de uma Terra Bruna Estruturada (TB) do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, ambos representativos de regiões cafeeiras, com o objetivo de avaliar as formas do potássio nas frações terra fina, areia, silte e argila desses solos e o efeito de citrato e oxalato na liberação do potássio, comparando as equações de ordem zero, primeira ordem, Elovich e parabólica de dfüsão para descrever a cinética. Na avaliação das formas de K, foram determinados, através do uso de diferentes extratores, os teores de K total, K não trocável e K trocável em cada fração. Adicionalmente, o potássio de cada fração do solo foi liberado através de oito extrações sucessivas com citrato e oxalato, no período de O a 665 horas. A maior parte da reserva de K do LR está na fração argila, ao passo que na TB a fração silte apresentou maior quantidade. Entre os modelos testados, a equação de primeira ordem foi a mais apropriada para descrever a cinética de liberação do K no LR, enquanto para a TB a equação de Elovich se ajustou melhor aos resultados As equações de ordem zero e parabólica de difusão não ajustaram coeficientes de regressão significativos. No LR não houve efeito dos ácidos orgânicos em liberar o K e os teores de K liberados foram provenientes da forma trocável ao passo que para a TB, o citrato aumentou a velocidade de liberação e o K liberado foi proveniente, em grande parte, da forma não trocável, confirmando a habilidade do citrato em extrair o K a partir da forma não trocável do solo.
Studies involving potassium forms and the kinetics of K release from soils can contribute to a better understanding of K availability to plants. This experiment used B-horizon samples of a Dusky-Red Latosol (DR, which is an Oxisol) and a Structured- Brown-Earth Soil (SBE, which is an Ultisol), both representative soils from coffee regions of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, aiming to evaluate the forms of soil K as well as the effect of citrate and oxalate upon the kinetics of K release from different soil fractions (whole soil, clay, silt, and sand). The soil K forms (exchangeable, nonexchangeable, and total) in each soil fraction were evaluated by different extraction procedures. Potassium release from each soil fraction was also measured by eight successive extractions (0 - 665 h) with 10-3 mol L-1 of either citrate or oxalate. Most of the K reserve in the DR soil was in the clay fraction, whereas the silt fraction contributed the most for the K supply in the SBE soil. The kinetics of K release in the DR soil was best described by a first-order equation, whereas the Elovich equation gave the best fit in the SBE soil. Neither the zero-order nor the parabolic diffusion equation fitted well to the observed data. There was no effect of either citrate or oxalate on the kinetics of K release from the DR soil, which had most of its K supply coming from the exchangeable form. Citrate caused an increase in the rate of K release from the SBE soil. In such soil, much of the K released by the successive extractions came from the nonexchangeable form, which confrms the ability of citrate to extract nonexchangeable or "fixed" K from soils.
Studies involving potassium forms and the kinetics of K release from soils can contribute to a better understanding of K availability to plants. This experiment used B-horizon samples of a Dusky-Red Latosol (DR, which is an Oxisol) and a Structured- Brown-Earth Soil (SBE, which is an Ultisol), both representative soils from coffee regions of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, aiming to evaluate the forms of soil K as well as the effect of citrate and oxalate upon the kinetics of K release from different soil fractions (whole soil, clay, silt, and sand). The soil K forms (exchangeable, nonexchangeable, and total) in each soil fraction were evaluated by different extraction procedures. Potassium release from each soil fraction was also measured by eight successive extractions (0 - 665 h) with 10-3 mol L-1 of either citrate or oxalate. Most of the K reserve in the DR soil was in the clay fraction, whereas the silt fraction contributed the most for the K supply in the SBE soil. The kinetics of K release in the DR soil was best described by a first-order equation, whereas the Elovich equation gave the best fit in the SBE soil. Neither the zero-order nor the parabolic diffusion equation fitted well to the observed data. There was no effect of either citrate or oxalate on the kinetics of K release from the DR soil, which had most of its K supply coming from the exchangeable form. Citrate caused an increase in the rate of K release from the SBE soil. In such soil, much of the K released by the successive extractions came from the nonexchangeable form, which confrms the ability of citrate to extract nonexchangeable or "fixed" K from soils.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Potássio no solo Formas Cinética de liberação Ácido orgânico Café Cultivo Minas Gerais, Potassium in soil Forms Kinetics of K release Organic acid Coffee crops Minas Gerais, Brazil
Citação
Silva, Vladimir Antônio. Potássio em solos de regiões cafeeiras de Minas Gerais: formas e cinética de liberação por ácidos orgânicos. Lavras : UFLA, 1999. 104p. : il. (Dissertação - mestrado em Agronomia, área de concentração: Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) Orientadores: Francisco Dias Nogueira, Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme