Nitrogênio no sistema solox cafeeiro x ambiente
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Data
2007
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Resumo
Na cultura do cafeeiro o nitrogênio é o nutriente mais translocado para os grãos e exportado na colheita (Malavolta, 1993). A importância do nitrogênio se destaca principalmente em solos de região de clima tropical úmido (Meirelles et al., 1980), devido a mobilidade e intensa mineralização da matéria orgânica. Com a finalidade de investigar a dinâmica do nitrogênio no sistema solo x café x atmosfera visando maximizar o uso de N foi instalado um experimento com 15N na dose de 280 kg ha-1, na forma de sulfato de amônio. O tratamento constituiu-se de 5 repetições com 9 plantas (três linhas de três plantas), em que a aplicação do fertilizante foi parcelada em quatro épocas (setembro, novembro dezembro e janeiro). A massa de matéria seca da parte aérea foi determinada à cada 60 dias. As amostras de solos e raízes foram coletadas em cinco camadas no final da colheita, para determinar o 15N remanescente. Para a quantificação da volatilização da amônia proveniente do fertilizante, utilizou-se o método do coletor de N-NH3 semi-aberto estático (LARA CABEZAS et al., 1999). A lixiviação de N para fora do volume do solo foi estimada instalando-se extratores de solução a vácuo a 100 cm. A parte aérea do cafeeiro recuperou 26,34 % de N (73,73 kg ha-1) do fertilizante aplicado e nas raízes foram determinados 26,47 % de N (74,15 kg ha-1). A quantidade de 15N remanescente no solo foi igual a 9,71 % (27,18 kg ha-1), enquanto a lixiviação foi igual a 1,88 % (5,27 kg ha-1). O sistema solo x cafeeiro foi eficiente na conservação e uso do N fornecido pelo fertilizante, recuperando 81,15 % do N aplicado.
In the coffee crop the nitrogen is the most carried forward to grain and exported in the harvest (Malavolta, 1993). The nitrogen is important in soil of humid tropical climate due to its mobility and intense mineralization of organic matter (Meirelles et al., 1980). Several experiments were carried out with 15N (280 kg ha-1) involving fertilizer application (ammonium sulphate) to a coffee crop, aiming for the establishment of the N balance in the soil x coffee x atmosphere system and better understand the N dynamics within the plant. The treatment consisted of 5 sub-plots (replicates) of 9 plants (3 lines of 3 plants), in that the fertilizer application was took place in 4 different times (September, November, December, January). The shoot dry matter was monitored every 60 days. The root and soil were sampled only at the end of harvest in five layers. To quantify soil volatilization from fertilizer N a semi-open N-NH3 static collector was used (LARA CABEZAS et al., 1999). To estimate N leaching below the root zone were obtain from soil solution extractors data. Shoot of coffee plant fertilizer N absorption reached 26.34% de N (73.73 kg ha-1) and the root accumulated 26.47% de N (74.15 kg ha-1). In the soil 9.71% (27.18 kg ha-1) of the fertilizer N were still present. Leaching and volatilization losses were of the order of 2.83% (7.92 kg ha-1) and 1.88% (5.27 kg ha-1), respectively. The soil x coffee system was efficient recovering 81.15 % of the N supplied by the fertilizer.
In the coffee crop the nitrogen is the most carried forward to grain and exported in the harvest (Malavolta, 1993). The nitrogen is important in soil of humid tropical climate due to its mobility and intense mineralization of organic matter (Meirelles et al., 1980). Several experiments were carried out with 15N (280 kg ha-1) involving fertilizer application (ammonium sulphate) to a coffee crop, aiming for the establishment of the N balance in the soil x coffee x atmosphere system and better understand the N dynamics within the plant. The treatment consisted of 5 sub-plots (replicates) of 9 plants (3 lines of 3 plants), in that the fertilizer application was took place in 4 different times (September, November, December, January). The shoot dry matter was monitored every 60 days. The root and soil were sampled only at the end of harvest in five layers. To quantify soil volatilization from fertilizer N a semi-open N-NH3 static collector was used (LARA CABEZAS et al., 1999). To estimate N leaching below the root zone were obtain from soil solution extractors data. Shoot of coffee plant fertilizer N absorption reached 26.34% de N (73.73 kg ha-1) and the root accumulated 26.47% de N (74.15 kg ha-1). In the soil 9.71% (27.18 kg ha-1) of the fertilizer N were still present. Leaching and volatilization losses were of the order of 2.83% (7.92 kg ha-1) and 1.88% (5.27 kg ha-1), respectively. The soil x coffee system was efficient recovering 81.15 % of the N supplied by the fertilizer.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (5. : 2007 : Águas de Lindóia, SP). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2007.
Palavras-chave
cafeeiro, absorção de fertilizante, isótopo estável, volatilização., Coffee crop, fertilizer absorption, stable isotope, volatilization
Citação
Tatiele A. FENILLI; José L. FAVARIN; Klaus REICHARDT; Paula R. SALGADO.Nitrogênio no sistema solox cafeeiro x ambiente