Biologia e controle químico de Digitaria insularis (L.)
Data
2005-07
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Digitaria insularis é uma espécie perene, que se reproduz por sementes e rizomas, infestando lavouras de café e outras, onde é considerada uma espécie daninha de difícil controle. Observações a campo, em áreas onde há uso contínuo de glyphosate, têm constatado que plantas originárias de sementes, quando jovens, são controladas pelo herbicida, no entanto, quando as plantas se desenvolvem e formam rizomas, seu controle é ineficiente. Com os objetivos de estudar aspectos da biologia de Digitaria insularis que possam influenciar no seu manejo e avaliar o efeito de doses crescentes de glyphosate em diferentes condições de estresse hídrico no solo no controle desta espécie, foram conduzidos três experimentos em casa de vegetação. No primeiro, através de análise de crescimento, observou-se que o acúmulo de massa seca das plantas de Digitaria insularis foi lento até 45 DAE, com rápido crescimento a partir dos 35 DAE, principalmente de raízes, o que pode ser atribuído à formação dos rizomas. A área foliar máxima foi atingida aos 98 DAE, e a massa seca máxima, aos 105 DAE. No segundo experimento, objetivou-se caracterizar a anatomia de Digitaria insularis, observando-se características anatômicas que influenciam a eficiência do glyphosate. Foi verificado que plantas provenientes de rizomas apresentavam maior índice estomático e maior número de estômatos por mm 2 , maior espessura da epiderme nas faces adaxial e abaxial e maior espessura da lâmina foliar. Constatou-se, nos rizomas, grande quantidade de amido. No terceiro experimento, avaliou- se o controle de plantas Digitaria insularis, cultivadas em vasos, pelo glyphosate nas doses de 0, 540, 1.080, 1.620 e 2.160 g e.a. ha -1 nas condições de umidade do solo de 80, 70, 60 e 50% da capacidade de campo. As plantas foram cortadas e, após a rebrota da parte aérea, quando se apresentavam em pleno desenvolvimento vegetativo, submetidas às várias condições de umidade de solo por 15 dias, até aplicação do herbicida, sendo mantidas nessas condições até o segundo dia após aplicação do herbicida. A eficiência de controle aumentou com a dose do herbicida para cada condição de umidade de solo na avaliação realizada aos 7 DAA. Todavia, aos 14 DAA, com exceção da dose zero, as demais apresentavam controle total da espécie em todas as condições de umidade do solo, não ocorrendo rebrota das plantas tratadas com o glyphosate. Novos estudos, com períodos maiores de estresse, deverão ser realizados para melhor entendimento do efeito do estresse hídrico, usando plantas provenientes de sementes e rizomas.
Digitaria insularis, a perennial species that reproduces from seeds and rhizomes, infesting coffee plantations and other crops, is considered an invasive species of difficult control. Field observations, in areas where there is continuous use of glyphosate, have demonstrated that young plants derived from seeds are controlled by the herbicide, however, when the plants grow and form rhizomes the control is inefficient. Three experiments were conducted in greenhouse with the objectives of studying aspects of the biology of Digitaria insularis that may affect its management and to evaluate the effect of growing doses of glyphosate on its control in different conditions of water stress in the soil. In the first experiment the growth analysis showed that the dry mass accumulation of Digitaria insularis was slow until 45 DAE. From this day on, fast growth starting from 35 DAE occurred mainly in the roots, which can be attributed to rhizome formation. The maximum foliar area was reached at 98 DAE, and the maximum dry mass at 105 DAE. The second experiment was aimed at characterizing the anatomy of Digitaria insularis and the study of anatomical characteristics that influence the efficiency of glyphosate. It was verified that plants derived from rhizomes had higher stomatal index and larger number of stomata per mm 2 , thicker adaxial and abaxial face epidermis and thicker leaf lamina. Also, a great amount of starch was found in the rhizomes. In the third experiment, the control of Digitaria insularis cultivated in vases by glyphosate was evaluated for the doses 0, 540, 1.080, 1.620 and 2.160 g e.a. ha -1 , in the conditions of 80, 70, 60 and 50 % humidity of the soil field capacity. The plants were cut, and after the regrowth of the aerial part, during the vegetative development, the plants were subjected to the several conditions of soil humidity for 15 days, until the herbicide application. The plants were kept under these conditions until the second day after herbicide application. The efficiency of the control increased with the dose of the herbicide for each condition of soil humidity in the evaluation carried out at 7 DAA. However, at 14 DAA, except at zero dose, the other doses gave total control of the species in all conditions of soil humidity, with no occurrence of regrowth of plants treated with glyphosate. More studies using plants derived from seeds and rhizomes, with longer periods of stress, should be undertaken to better understand water stress effects.
Digitaria insularis, a perennial species that reproduces from seeds and rhizomes, infesting coffee plantations and other crops, is considered an invasive species of difficult control. Field observations, in areas where there is continuous use of glyphosate, have demonstrated that young plants derived from seeds are controlled by the herbicide, however, when the plants grow and form rhizomes the control is inefficient. Three experiments were conducted in greenhouse with the objectives of studying aspects of the biology of Digitaria insularis that may affect its management and to evaluate the effect of growing doses of glyphosate on its control in different conditions of water stress in the soil. In the first experiment the growth analysis showed that the dry mass accumulation of Digitaria insularis was slow until 45 DAE. From this day on, fast growth starting from 35 DAE occurred mainly in the roots, which can be attributed to rhizome formation. The maximum foliar area was reached at 98 DAE, and the maximum dry mass at 105 DAE. The second experiment was aimed at characterizing the anatomy of Digitaria insularis and the study of anatomical characteristics that influence the efficiency of glyphosate. It was verified that plants derived from rhizomes had higher stomatal index and larger number of stomata per mm 2 , thicker adaxial and abaxial face epidermis and thicker leaf lamina. Also, a great amount of starch was found in the rhizomes. In the third experiment, the control of Digitaria insularis cultivated in vases by glyphosate was evaluated for the doses 0, 540, 1.080, 1.620 and 2.160 g e.a. ha -1 , in the conditions of 80, 70, 60 and 50 % humidity of the soil field capacity. The plants were cut, and after the regrowth of the aerial part, during the vegetative development, the plants were subjected to the several conditions of soil humidity for 15 days, until the herbicide application. The plants were kept under these conditions until the second day after herbicide application. The efficiency of the control increased with the dose of the herbicide for each condition of soil humidity in the evaluation carried out at 7 DAA. However, at 14 DAA, except at zero dose, the other doses gave total control of the species in all conditions of soil humidity, with no occurrence of regrowth of plants treated with glyphosate. More studies using plants derived from seeds and rhizomes, with longer periods of stress, should be undertaken to better understand water stress effects.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Ervas daninhas - controle, Ervas daninhas - anatomia, Digitaria insularis - biologia, Capim-amargoso
Citação
MACHADO, A. F. L. Biologia e controle químico de Digitaria insularis (L.). 2005. 45 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2005.