INDUÇÃO DE RESITÊNCIA DO CAFEEIRO À Coccus viridis
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2011
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Resumo
As plantas desenvolveram estratégias sofisticadas para enfrentar o ataque de insetos herbívoros. Mudanças no conteúdo de alcalóides e compostos fenólicos foram investigados em plantas de café em resposta à herbivoria pela Coccus viridis (Green, 1889) (Hemiptera: Coccidae). Cultivadas em estufas, as plantas de café foram infestadas artificialmente com o coccídeo. Amostras de folhas foram realizadas aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a infestação, e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência foi empregada para identificar e quantificar alguns compostos alcalóides e fenólicos induzidas pela coccídeo em cada data de amostragem. Dos compostos analisados, a cafeína foi o principal alcalóide do café detectada em folhas completamente desenvolvidas, e sua concentração em plantas infestadas aumentou em uma taxa duas vezes maior que nas plantas controle. Compostos fenólicos principais do café foram os ácidos caféico e clorogênico, e um aumento significativo em seus índices foram observados somente nas plantas infestadas por C. viridis. Uma relação positiva e significativa foi observada entre as concentrações de alcalóides e compostos fenólicos e do nível de infestação por adultos e ninfas de C. viridis. Este é o primeiro estudo a mostrar aumento dos níveis de alcalóides e compostos fenólicos do café em resposta a herbivoria por insetos escala. Estudos futuros deverão investigar se tais compostos desempenham um papel na resistência do cafeeiro e de defesa contra a coccídeo, e como eles afetam o conjunto de artrópodes associados a plantas de café.
Changes in alkaloid and phenolic contents were investigated in coffee plants as a response to herbivory by the coffee green scale, Coccus viridis (Green, 1889) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a insect-pest of coffee and several other perennial cultivated plants. Greenhouse-grown, eleven-month-old coffee plants were artificially infested with the coccid in parallel with control, uninfested plants. Leaf samples were taken at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after infestation, and high performance liquid chromatography was used to identify and quantify some alkaloid and phenolic compounds induced by the coccid in each sampling date. Of the compounds investigated, caffeine was the main coffee alkaloid detected in fully-developed leaves, and its concentration in infested plants increased in a rate twice as high as in control plants. Main coffee phenolics were caffeic and chlorogenic acids, and a significant increase in their contents were observed only in plants infested by C. viridis. A positive and significant relationship was observed between alkaloid and phenolic concentrations and the infestation level by adults and nymphs of C. viridis. This is the first study to show increased levels of coffee alkaloids and phenolics in response to herbivory by scale insects. Future studies should investigate whether these compounds play a role in coffee resistance and defence against the coccid, and how they affect the assemblage of arthropods associated with coffee plants.
Changes in alkaloid and phenolic contents were investigated in coffee plants as a response to herbivory by the coffee green scale, Coccus viridis (Green, 1889) (Hemiptera: Coccidae), a insect-pest of coffee and several other perennial cultivated plants. Greenhouse-grown, eleven-month-old coffee plants were artificially infested with the coccid in parallel with control, uninfested plants. Leaf samples were taken at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after infestation, and high performance liquid chromatography was used to identify and quantify some alkaloid and phenolic compounds induced by the coccid in each sampling date. Of the compounds investigated, caffeine was the main coffee alkaloid detected in fully-developed leaves, and its concentration in infested plants increased in a rate twice as high as in control plants. Main coffee phenolics were caffeic and chlorogenic acids, and a significant increase in their contents were observed only in plants infested by C. viridis. A positive and significant relationship was observed between alkaloid and phenolic concentrations and the infestation level by adults and nymphs of C. viridis. This is the first study to show increased levels of coffee alkaloids and phenolics in response to herbivory by scale insects. Future studies should investigate whether these compounds play a role in coffee resistance and defence against the coccid, and how they affect the assemblage of arthropods associated with coffee plants.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011
Palavras-chave
Café, escala de verde, os insetos phytosuccivorous, cafeína, alcalóides, compostos fenólicos, o metabolismo secundário., Coffee, green scale, phytosuccivorous insects, caffeine, alkaloids, phenolics, secondary metabolism.
Citação
Alves, Flávia Maria; Fernandes, Flávio Lemes; Gentil, Filipe Henrique; Vieira, Francisco Pinheiro; Silva, Luiz Otávio Duarte; Oliveira, Vinicius Mendes Rodrigues de. Indução de resistência do cafeeiro à Coccus viridis. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos cafés do Brasil (7. : 2011 : Araxá, MG). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011 (1 CD-ROM), 4p.