Condicionamento fisiológico em matriz sólida durante o armazenamento de sementes de café (Coffea arabica L.) com diferentes graus de umidade
Data
2009-07-02
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
A semente de café apresenta baixa armazenabilidade com perda de vigor em poucos meses, o que limita sua utilização, restringindo a época de produção das mudas. O condicionamento fisiológico ou priming é uma técnica que tem por objetivo promover melhoria no desempenho das sementes. Avaliar o efeito de diferentes temperaturas e períodos de tempo, no condicionamento fisiológico em matriz sólida sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Coffea arabica L. armazenadas com diferentes umidades, foi o objetivo neste trabalho de tese, realizado no Laboratório Central de Sementes da Universidade Federal de Lavras, MG, no período de 2006 a 2008. Foram utilizadas sementes com três graus de umidade (13,0; 24,0 e 36,0% bu), classificadas, tratadas, acondicionadas em embalagens de papel Kraft, envolvidos por embalagens de polietileno lacradas e armazenadas em câmara fria por 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12 meses. Após cada época de armazenamento, as sementes foram submetidas ao condicionamento e imediatamente avaliadas. Os ensaios, para cada umidade, foram realizados em blocos casualizados, com 50 tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 5x3x3+5 e quatro repetições. O condicionamento foi realizado envolvendo as sementes, com endocarpo, em substrato orgânico comercial com umidade de 100% da capacidade de retenção de água. As sementes envolvidas pela matriz sólida foram mantidas em bandejas plásticas no interior de câmaras tipo BOD a 20, 30 e 40 + 1 o C durante 2, 4 e 6 dias. Após avaliação concluiu-se que houve aumento na porcentagem e na velocidade de germinação, na emergência de plântulas e no vigor, principalmente nas sementes com umidade inicial de 24,0 e 36,0%. O condicionamento a 40°C prejudica o desempenho das sementes. A temperatura de 30°C é a mais adequada para os três períodos de tempo estudados. O condicionamento é mais eficiente para sementes de menor qualidade fisiológica, interferindo na atividade das enzimas SOD, CAT, MDH e ADH, sobretudo da primeira e promove a expressão de proteínas resistentes ao calor de diferentes pesos moleculares.
Coffee seeds present poor storability with vigor loss in few months, which limits its use, restricting the seedling-producing time. The physiological conditioning or priming is a technique which is intended to promote improvement in seed performance. Evaluating the effect of different temperatures and periods of time in the physiological conditioning of solid matrix upon the physiological Coffea arabica L. seed quality stored with different moisture contents was the objective in this thesis work conducted in the Central Laboratory of Seeds at Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras MG) from 2006 to 2008. Seeds with three moisture contents (13.0; 24.0 and 36,0% wb), classified , treated, packed in Kraft paper packages, wrapped by sealed polyethylene packages and stored in cold room for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were used. After each storage time, the seeds were submitted to conditioning and evaluated immediately. The trials for the moisture content were conducted in randomized blocks with 50 treatments arranged in a factorial scheme 5x3x3+5, and four replicates. Conditioning was conducted involving the seeds with endocarp into commercial organic substrate with moisture of 100% of the water holding capacity. The seeds involved by the solid matrix were maintained on plastic trays inside the BOD type chambers at 20, 30 and 40 + 1 o C for 2, 4 and 6 days. After evaluation, it was concluded there was increase in the germination percentage, emergence speed index and vigor, mainly in the seeds with initial moisture content of 24.0 and 36.0%. Conditioning at 40°C harmed the performance of the seeds. The temperature of 30°C is the most adequate temperature for all the time periods studied. Conditioning is more efficient for seeds of poorer physiological quality, interfering in the activities of enzymes SOD, CAT, MDH and ADH, above all, of the former and promotes the expression of heat-resistant proteins of different molecular weights.
Coffee seeds present poor storability with vigor loss in few months, which limits its use, restricting the seedling-producing time. The physiological conditioning or priming is a technique which is intended to promote improvement in seed performance. Evaluating the effect of different temperatures and periods of time in the physiological conditioning of solid matrix upon the physiological Coffea arabica L. seed quality stored with different moisture contents was the objective in this thesis work conducted in the Central Laboratory of Seeds at Federal University of Lavras (Universidade Federal de Lavras MG) from 2006 to 2008. Seeds with three moisture contents (13.0; 24.0 and 36,0% wb), classified , treated, packed in Kraft paper packages, wrapped by sealed polyethylene packages and stored in cold room for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were used. After each storage time, the seeds were submitted to conditioning and evaluated immediately. The trials for the moisture content were conducted in randomized blocks with 50 treatments arranged in a factorial scheme 5x3x3+5, and four replicates. Conditioning was conducted involving the seeds with endocarp into commercial organic substrate with moisture of 100% of the water holding capacity. The seeds involved by the solid matrix were maintained on plastic trays inside the BOD type chambers at 20, 30 and 40 + 1 o C for 2, 4 and 6 days. After evaluation, it was concluded there was increase in the germination percentage, emergence speed index and vigor, mainly in the seeds with initial moisture content of 24.0 and 36.0%. Conditioning at 40°C harmed the performance of the seeds. The temperature of 30°C is the most adequate temperature for all the time periods studied. Conditioning is more efficient for seeds of poorer physiological quality, interfering in the activities of enzymes SOD, CAT, MDH and ADH, above all, of the former and promotes the expression of heat-resistant proteins of different molecular weights.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Priming, Vigor, Padrões protéicos
Citação
CARVALHO, C. A. M. Condicionamento fisiológico em matriz sólida durante o armazenamento de sementes de café (Coffea arabica L.) com diferentes graus de umidade. 2009. 217 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia-Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2009.