Seletividade fisiológica de inseticidas utilizados em cultura cafeeira sobre os predadores Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) e Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, 1853 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)
Data
2008-02-29
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Para a utilização de predadores no controle de pragas na cultura cafeeira, em associação com produtos fitossanitários, é importante que estes produtos sejam seletivos a esses inimigos naturais. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a seletividade fisiológica de produtos fitossanitários utilizados em cultura cafeeira sobre Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) e Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, 1853 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Os bioensaios foram realizados no Laboratório de Estudos de Seletividade, no Departamento de Entomologia da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Lavras, MG, sob temperatura de 25±2oC, UR 70±10% e fotofase de 12 horas. Os produtos utilizados e suas respectivas dosagens, em g ou mL de i.a. L-1, foram: tiametoxam (0,5), imidacloprido (0,7), óleo mineral (13,3), endossulfam (2,63) e dimetoato (0,48). A testemunha foi composta apenas por água destilada. A aplicação dos produtos sobre os predadores foi realizada por meio de torre de Potter. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: a sobrevivência de espécimes após a aplicação dos produtos, a duração das fases de desenvolvimento, a oviposição e a viabilidade dos ovos colocados por fêmeas oriundas de espécimes tratados em diferentes fases. Todos os produtos avaliados foram levemente nocivos (classe 2, segundo escala IOBC) aos ovos de C. externa, exceto óleo mineral, que foi seletivo. Os inseticidas tiametoxam, imidacloprido, endossulfam e dimetoato foram nocivos (classe 4) para a larva deste predador e seletivos para pupas. Já para adultos, tiametoxam e imidacloprido foram nocivos e os demais produtos foram levemente nocivos. Óleo mineral foi considerado seletivo para todas as fases de desenvolvimento de C. externa testadas e levemente nocivo para pupas e adultos. C. montrouzieri, tiametoxam e imidacloprido foram nocivos (classe 4), seguidos por endossulfam, tanto para larvas quanto para espécimes adultos. Óleo mineral foi levemente nocivo para larvas de primeiro instar e seletivo para os espécimes em todos os demais estádios do predador avaliados. Os compostos considerados nocivos necessitam ser avaliados em condições de semicampo e campo, para a confirmação ou não da sua toxicidade; já o óleo mineral, devido à sua baixa toxicidade a esses predadores, pode ser recomendado para o manejo de pragas na cultura cafeeira.
For the use of predators for pest control in the coffee crops in association with pesticides, it is important that these compounds be selective to these natural enemies. The physiologic selectivity of pesticides used in coffee crop on these predators Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, 1853 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was evaluated. The bioassays were carried out at the Laboratory of Selectivity Studies of the Department of Entomology of the “Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA”, in Lavras, MG, under controlled conditions, at 25±2oC, RH of 70±10% with a 12h-photophase. The following pesticides and rates of application, in g or mL a.i. L-1, were used: thiamethoxam (0.5), imidacloprid (0.7), mineral oil (13.3), endosulfan (2.63) and dimethoate (0.48). Distilled water was used as control. The sprayings of the pesticides were accomplished using a Potter’s tower. The following parameters were evaluated: the specimens survival after the application of the compounds, the length of the developmental phases, the oviposition and the viability of the laid eggs from the treated insects. The action of the compounds when applied on eggs was similar and all pesticides were classified in the class 2, according to the IOBC classification, except the mineral oil which was selective. The insecticides thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, endosulfan and dimethoate were harmful (class 4) to larvae of this green lacewing species. However, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid were harmful (class 4) to adults, whereas the other compounds were slightly harmful (class 2). Mineral oil was selective to C. externa and slightly harmful to pupae and adults. Regarding C. montrouzieri, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid were harmful (class 4), followed by endosulfan, when applied on both larvae and adults. Mineral oil was slightly harmful (class 2) to first-instar larvae and selective (class 1) to the other stages of development of this predator. The compounds classified as harmful (class 4) to C. externa and C. montrouzieri under laboratory conditions need to be evaluated under semifield and field conditions aiming to confirm their toxicity. On the other hand, mineral oil can be used together C. externa and C. montrouzieri in programs of pest management of the coffee crop, due to its low toxicity.
For the use of predators for pest control in the coffee crops in association with pesticides, it is important that these compounds be selective to these natural enemies. The physiologic selectivity of pesticides used in coffee crop on these predators Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, 1853 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was evaluated. The bioassays were carried out at the Laboratory of Selectivity Studies of the Department of Entomology of the “Universidade Federal de Lavras – UFLA”, in Lavras, MG, under controlled conditions, at 25±2oC, RH of 70±10% with a 12h-photophase. The following pesticides and rates of application, in g or mL a.i. L-1, were used: thiamethoxam (0.5), imidacloprid (0.7), mineral oil (13.3), endosulfan (2.63) and dimethoate (0.48). Distilled water was used as control. The sprayings of the pesticides were accomplished using a Potter’s tower. The following parameters were evaluated: the specimens survival after the application of the compounds, the length of the developmental phases, the oviposition and the viability of the laid eggs from the treated insects. The action of the compounds when applied on eggs was similar and all pesticides were classified in the class 2, according to the IOBC classification, except the mineral oil which was selective. The insecticides thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, endosulfan and dimethoate were harmful (class 4) to larvae of this green lacewing species. However, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid were harmful (class 4) to adults, whereas the other compounds were slightly harmful (class 2). Mineral oil was selective to C. externa and slightly harmful to pupae and adults. Regarding C. montrouzieri, thiamethoxam and imidacloprid were harmful (class 4), followed by endosulfan, when applied on both larvae and adults. Mineral oil was slightly harmful (class 2) to first-instar larvae and selective (class 1) to the other stages of development of this predator. The compounds classified as harmful (class 4) to C. externa and C. montrouzieri under laboratory conditions need to be evaluated under semifield and field conditions aiming to confirm their toxicity. On the other hand, mineral oil can be used together C. externa and C. montrouzieri in programs of pest management of the coffee crop, due to its low toxicity.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Cryptolaemus montrouzieri, Seletividade, Chrysoperla externa, Pragas do cafeeiro
Citação
ROCHA, L. C. D. Seletividade fisiológica de inseticidas utilizados em cultura cafeeira sobre os predadores Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) e Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, 1853 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). 2008. 133 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia-Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2008.