Bioecologia, dano e controle de Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) em Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner (Rubiaceae)
Data
2016-02-24
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Café é uma das principais commodities agrícolas brasileiras exportadas, possui forte aspecto social, distribui renda e possibilita qualidade de vida no meio rural. Café Arábica (Coffea arabica L.) é o mais cultivado no mundo e o café Robusta (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) representa cerca de 45% da produção mundial e 30% da produção brasileira. Insetos, incluindo Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) têm sido relatados reduzindo a produtividade do café no Brasil. Essa cochonilha é praga polífaga, causa dano a diversas culturas e em café Robusta tem mostrado rápido crescimento populacional. O objetivo dessa tese foi contribuir para o conhecimento da dinâmica populacional de P. citri, seus inimigos naturais, dispersão no cafeeiro, disseminação na maior região produtora brasileira desse café, danos à produtividade e possibilidade de seu controle em condições de campo. Os resultados foram organizados em três artigos. O primeiro artigo constatou que P. citri é espécie de cochonilha dominante em café Robusta, com baixa população de inimigos naturais, disseminada de 14-714 m snm e associada à altitude, temperatura e precipitação. Flores e frutos do café permitiram seu desenvolvimento na primavera-verão e plantas associadas ao cultivo do café podem ser refúgio. O segundo artigo relata danos diretos à produtividade entre 25,2% a 46,4% e seu controle via foliar, no tempo correto, proporcionou acréscimo médio de 1.360,82 kg.ha -1 .ano -1 . Rosetas infestadas se correlacionaram positivamente com cochonilhas vivas e a produtividade negativamente com rosetas infestadas e cochonilhas vivas. O terceiro artigo mostrou três níveis de infestação natural e dano superior a 60% na produtividade. Neonicotinoides reduziram a população de P. citri em dose única aplicados de julho a setembro, sem reaplicação e seu uso tardio permitiu maior dispersão de P. citri nas plantas de café Robusta. Esses produtos podem ser usados em programas de manejo integrado de pragas nesse café.
Coffee is one of the most important agricultural exported Brazilian commodities, it has a strong social aspect, distributes income and enables quality of life in rural areas. Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the most species cultivated worldwide, although Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) represents circa 45% of world, and 30% of Brazilian total production. Insects, including Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) has been related reducing coffee yield in Brazil. This is a polyphagous mealybug, causes damage to several crops and Robusta coffee allows fast development of its population. This thesis aimed to contribute with the knowledge of the population dynamics of P. citri, their natural enemies, dispersion in the coffee canopy, spread in the Brazilian Robusta coffee largest producing-region, damage to yield and the possibility of its control under field conditions. Results were organized into three papers. The first showed that P. citri is the dominant mealybug in Robusta coffee with low population of natural enemies, spread from 14 to 714 m asl, and its population was associated with altitude, temperature and rainfall. Coffee flowers and fruits allowed its development in the spring-summer, and plants associated with coffee may be refuge. The second article reports direct damages to yield varying from 25.2% to 46.4%, and that foliar sprays at the right time had increased an average of 1,360.82 kg.ha -1 .year -1 on yield. Infested rosettes were positively correlated with live mealybugs, and yield negatively with infested rosettes and live mealybugs. The third article pointed out three levels of natural infestation and damage over than 60% on yield. Neonicotinoids effectively reduced field population of P. citri as a single dose through soil drench application from July to September, without reapplication. Soil later applications allowed greater dispersion of P. citri in Robusta coffee canopy. These products can be used in integrated pest management programs in Robusta coffee.
Coffee is one of the most important agricultural exported Brazilian commodities, it has a strong social aspect, distributes income and enables quality of life in rural areas. Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is the most species cultivated worldwide, although Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner) represents circa 45% of world, and 30% of Brazilian total production. Insects, including Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) has been related reducing coffee yield in Brazil. This is a polyphagous mealybug, causes damage to several crops and Robusta coffee allows fast development of its population. This thesis aimed to contribute with the knowledge of the population dynamics of P. citri, their natural enemies, dispersion in the coffee canopy, spread in the Brazilian Robusta coffee largest producing-region, damage to yield and the possibility of its control under field conditions. Results were organized into three papers. The first showed that P. citri is the dominant mealybug in Robusta coffee with low population of natural enemies, spread from 14 to 714 m asl, and its population was associated with altitude, temperature and rainfall. Coffee flowers and fruits allowed its development in the spring-summer, and plants associated with coffee may be refuge. The second article reports direct damages to yield varying from 25.2% to 46.4%, and that foliar sprays at the right time had increased an average of 1,360.82 kg.ha -1 .year -1 on yield. Infested rosettes were positively correlated with live mealybugs, and yield negatively with infested rosettes and live mealybugs. The third article pointed out three levels of natural infestation and damage over than 60% on yield. Neonicotinoids effectively reduced field population of P. citri as a single dose through soil drench application from July to September, without reapplication. Soil later applications allowed greater dispersion of P. citri in Robusta coffee canopy. These products can be used in integrated pest management programs in Robusta coffee.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Planococcus citri, Café - doenças e pragas - controle, Ralação hospedeiro - parasito, Café - fatores climáticos
Citação
FORNAZIER, M. J. Bioecologia, dano e controle de Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) em Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner (Rubiaceae). 2016. 91 f. Tese (Doutorado em Entomologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2016.