Estabelecimento de normas DRIS e diagnóstico nutricional do cafeeiro conilon orgânico e convencional no Estado do Espírito Santo
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Data
2004
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Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense
Resumo
O Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendação (DRIS) é um método para verificar desequilíbrio nutricional de uma planta e/ou lavoura, que tem sido utilizado por muitos pesquisadores em várias culturas. A afirmação de que a norma DRIS deve ser regional é relatado por vários autores, entretanto, não há relatos indicando se estás normas proporcionam diagnósticos nutricionais semelhantes em diferentes formas de cultivo, como por exemplo, orgânico e convencional. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (a) estabelecer normas DRIS em cafeeiro conilon, cultivados de forma orgânica e convencional; (b) realizar um diagnóstico nutricional das lavouras da região do norte do Estado, utilizando as normas DRIS estabelecidas; (c) analisar de forma crítica a contribuição e as diferenças nos procedimentos do DRIS para a avaliação do estado nutricional. Foram quantificados os teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn, em 40 lavouras sob cultivo convencional e 56 lavouras sob o cultivo orgânico. Para comparar as duas normas utilizou-se o teste "t" de Student, com nível crítico de 1%. Os diagnósticos nutricionais foram realizados, utilizando normas orgânicas e convencionais, por intermédio do DRIS com a incorporação da matéria seca, empregando a fórmula preconizada por Jones (1981), verificando a freqüência dos índices dos nutrientes. Procedeu-se também, o diagnóstico por intermédio do DRIS e DRIS com incorporação da matéria seca, utilizando quatro critérios, todas as relações entre nutrientes, relações que apresente maior razão da variância, menor coeficiente de variação (CV) e o valor da relação maior que 1, quantificando a freqüência do nutriente cujo índice foi mais negativo e mais positivo, a correlação entre o teor do nutriente com seu índice e a correlação entre produtividade e Índice de Balanço Nutricional (IBN), usando nível crítico de 1%. Os teores médios dos nutrientes P, Ca e S foram maiores nos cafeeiros cultivados de forma orgânica, e o K, B e Zn foram maiores no cultivo convencional. Foram encontradas grandes diferenças no diagnóstico nutricional ao adotar normas distintas, devido à ocorrência de diferentes teores entre as duas formas de cultivo, indicando, que deve se utilizar normas específicas para cada forma de cultivo. Os nutrientes que ocorreram com maior freqüência nas lavouras orgânicas como limitante foram Mn, P, Fe, Cu e N, sendo o K, B e Cu como excessivos. Nas lavouras convencionais o Mn, N e P foram os nutrientes considerados mais limitantes, e o Cu, Mn e B como excessivos. Os diferentes métodos e critérios de cálculo de índices resultaram em diagnósticos com representativas diferenças para determinados nutrientes. Não há necessidade de se ter lavouras de baixa produtividade para estabelecer as normas DRIS. O DRIS com incorporação da matéria seca apresentou correlação mais elevada entre a produtividade e IBN, em relação ao DRIS, bem como, entre o nutriente e seu respectivo índice.
The Diagnose and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) is a method to verify nutritional disequilibrium of a plant and/or farming, that has been used for many researchers in some cultures. The affirmation of that norm DRIS must be regional is told by some authors, however, does not have stories indicating if this norms provide disgnostic similar nutritional in different forms of culture, for example, organic and conventional. The objectives of this work had been: (a) to establish norms DRIS in cofee tree conilon, cultivated of organic and conventional form; (b) to carry through a nutritional diagnosis of the farmings of the region of the north of the State, using established norms DRIS; (c) to analyze of critical form the contribution and the differences in the procedures of the DRIS for the evaluation of the nutritional state. The foliares texts of N, P had been quantified, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, in 40 farmings under conventional culture and 56 farmings under the organic culture. To compare the two norms was used the test "t" of Student, with critical level of 1%. The nutritional disgnostic had been carried through, using public administration ruleses and conventional, for intermediary of the DRIS with the incorporation of the dry substance, using the formula praised by Jones (1981), verifying the frequency of the indices of the nutrients. The diagnosis for intermediary, was also proceeded from DRIS and DRIS with incorporation of the dry substance, using four criterious, all the relationship between nutrients, relations that greater presents reason of the variance, minor variation coefficient (CV) and the value of the relation biggest than 1, quantifying the frequency of the nutrient whose index of nutrient was more negative and more positive, the correlation enters the text of the nutrient with its index and the correlation between productivity and Index of Balance Nutritional (IBN), using critical level of 1%. The average texts of the nutrients P, Ca and S had been bigger in the cultivated cofee trees of organic form, and the K, B and Zn had been bigger in the conventional culture. Great differences in the nutritional diagnosis when adopting had been found distinct norms, due to text occurrence different between the two forms of culture, indicating, that it must use specific norms for each form of culture. The nutrients that had occurred more frequently in the organic farmings as limitation had been Mn, P, Fe, Cu and N, being the K, B and Cu as extreme. In the conventional farmings the Mn, N and P had been the considered nutrients limitation more, and the Cu, Mn and B as extreme. The different methods and criterious of calculation of indices had resulted in disgnostic with representative determined differences for nutrient. It does not have necessity of if having farmings of low productivity to establish norms DRIS. The DRIS with incorporation of the dry substance presented higher correlation of the one than the DRIS between productivity and IBN, as well as, between the nutrient and its respective index.
The Diagnose and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) is a method to verify nutritional disequilibrium of a plant and/or farming, that has been used for many researchers in some cultures. The affirmation of that norm DRIS must be regional is told by some authors, however, does not have stories indicating if this norms provide disgnostic similar nutritional in different forms of culture, for example, organic and conventional. The objectives of this work had been: (a) to establish norms DRIS in cofee tree conilon, cultivated of organic and conventional form; (b) to carry through a nutritional diagnosis of the farmings of the region of the north of the State, using established norms DRIS; (c) to analyze of critical form the contribution and the differences in the procedures of the DRIS for the evaluation of the nutritional state. The foliares texts of N, P had been quantified, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, in 40 farmings under conventional culture and 56 farmings under the organic culture. To compare the two norms was used the test "t" of Student, with critical level of 1%. The nutritional disgnostic had been carried through, using public administration ruleses and conventional, for intermediary of the DRIS with the incorporation of the dry substance, using the formula praised by Jones (1981), verifying the frequency of the indices of the nutrients. The diagnosis for intermediary, was also proceeded from DRIS and DRIS with incorporation of the dry substance, using four criterious, all the relationship between nutrients, relations that greater presents reason of the variance, minor variation coefficient (CV) and the value of the relation biggest than 1, quantifying the frequency of the nutrient whose index of nutrient was more negative and more positive, the correlation enters the text of the nutrient with its index and the correlation between productivity and Index of Balance Nutritional (IBN), using critical level of 1%. The average texts of the nutrients P, Ca and S had been bigger in the cultivated cofee trees of organic form, and the K, B and Zn had been bigger in the conventional culture. Great differences in the nutritional diagnosis when adopting had been found distinct norms, due to text occurrence different between the two forms of culture, indicating, that it must use specific norms for each form of culture. The nutrients that had occurred more frequently in the organic farmings as limitation had been Mn, P, Fe, Cu and N, being the K, B and Cu as extreme. In the conventional farmings the Mn, N and P had been the considered nutrients limitation more, and the Cu, Mn and B as extreme. The different methods and criterious of calculation of indices had resulted in disgnostic with representative determined differences for nutrient. It does not have necessity of if having farmings of low productivity to establish norms DRIS. The DRIS with incorporation of the dry substance presented higher correlation of the one than the DRIS between productivity and IBN, as well as, between the nutrient and its respective index.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Estadual Norte Fluminense
Palavras-chave
Café Conilon Diagnóstico nutricional DRIS Cultivo orgânico Cultivo convencional Coffea canephora, Conilon coffee Nutritional diagnosis DRIS Organic crop Conventional crop Coffea canephora
Citação
Partelli, Fábio Luiz. Estabelecimento de normas DRIS e diagnóstico nutricional do cafeeiro conilon orgânico e convencional no Estado do Espírito Santo. Campos dos Goytacazes, UENF, 2004. 96 fl. : il. (Dissertação - Mestrado em Produção Vegetal) - Universidade Estadual do
Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro. Orientador: Henrique Duarte Vieira. T 633.738911 P273e 2004