Progresso da cercosporiose e da ferrugem do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) em função da aplicação de silício
Data
2006-12-18
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O efeito da adição de silício na redução da intensidade da cercosporiose e da ferrugem em plantas de cafeeiro foi avaliado, no presente trabalho, em quatro experimentos. No experimento 1, realizado no campo, avaliou-se o efeito de dois silicatos (A e B) aplicados isoladamente e em combinação com os fungicidas: hidróxido de cobre, azoxystrobin e cyproconazole, no progresso da cercosporiose e da ferrugem em plantas de cafeeiro cultivar Acaiá Cerrado MG1474. No segundo experimento, conduzido em casa de vegetação, o objetivo foi verificar a influência do ácido silícico (doses 0; 0,5; 1; 2; 4 e 6 g kg –1 de solo) na intensidade da cercosporiose e na nutrição mineral de mudas de cafeeiro cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99. No terceiro experimento, estudou-se o efeito do ácido silícico, nas mesmas dosagens citadas anteriormente no acúmulo de lignina, quantidade de clorofila a, b e carotenóides, fotossíntese potencial, espessura da epiderme, do câmbio vascular, do floema, do xilema e do parênquima esponjoso do caule além da presença de cera epicuticular em mudas de cafeeiro cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 inoculadas com Cercospora coffeicola. O último experimento visou detectar a presença de silício nas cultivares Icatu Amarelo 3282 e Topázio MG1190, com o uso de microanálise de raios-X em mudas adubadas com silicato de cálcio (1 g kg –1 de substrato) e inoculadas com C. coffeicola. A menor área abaixo da curva de progresso do número de lesões/folha (AACPNLF) da cercosporiose foi observada no tratamento silicato A + Azoxystrobin no experimento em campo. Os tratamentos silicato A + silicato B, silicato A, silicato A + hidróxido de cobre, testemunha e silicato B apresentaram a área abaixo da curva de progresso da incidência (AACPI) da ferrugem do cafeeiro significativamente maior que os demais tratamentos. A aplicação do silicato B aumentou significativamente tanto a AACPNLF quanto a área abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade (AACPS) da ferrugem do cafeeiro. O aumento das doses de ácido silícico resultou em decréscimo linear na AACPNLF da cercosporiose em mudas conduzidas em casa de vegetação. Os teores de fósforo (P), magnésio (Mg), enxofre (S), boro (B), zinco (Zn) e cobre (Cu) e os conteúdos de potássio (K), enxofre (S) e manganês (Mn), na matéria seca da parte aérea, foram influenciados significativamente pela adição de ácido silícico ao solo. Observou-se presença discreta de cera epicuticular na dose de ácido silícico 2 g kg -1 de solo e mais evidente na dose 6 g kg –1 de solo. O uso da maior dose de ácido silícico (6 g kg –1 de solo) resultou em menor fotossíntese potencial nas folhas de mudas sadias. Não foram observados picos de silício tanto na cultivar Icatu quanto na Topázio, com o uso da técnica de microanálise de raios–X, contudo, observou-se menores picos de potássio e cálcio nas folhas de mudas inoculadas com C. coffeicola, comparadas com as mudas sadias, em ambas as cultivares.
The effect of adding silicon on the reduction of the brown-eye spot and rust intensities in coffee plants was evaluated in the present work in a set of four experiments. In the experiment 1, performed under field conditions, commercial silicon sources (A and B) were applied solely or in combination with fungicides: copper hydroxide, azoxystrobin and cyproconazole on the progress of brown-eye spot and rust in coffee plants from the cultivar Acaia Cerrado MG1474. The second experiment, carried out in greenhouse, aimed to verify the influence of silicic acid (doses 0; 0.5; 1; 2; 4 and 6 g kg –1 of soil) on the intensity of brown- eye spot and the mineral nutrition of coffee seedlings from the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99. In the third experiment, the effect of silicic acid was studied in the same doses previously mentioned for the buildup of lignin, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid quantities, photosynthetic potential, epidermal, cambium, phloem, xylem and spongy parenchyma widths and the presence of epicuticular wax in coffee seedlings from the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 inoculated with Cercospora coffeicola. The last experiment aimed to detect the presence of silicon in the cultivars Icatu Amarelo 3282 and Topázio MG1190 through X-ray microanalysis in seedlings sprayed with calcium silicate (1 g kg –1 of substract) and inoculated with C. coffeicola. The lower area under the progress curve of the number of lesions/leaf (AUPNLL) for brown-eye spot was observed for the treatment silicate A + Azoxystrobin in the field experiment. Treatments silicate A + silicate B, silicate A, silicate A + copper hydroxide, control and silicate B showed the area under the incidence progress curve of rust significatively higher than the other treatments. The use of silicate B significantly increased the AUPNLL and area under the severity progress curve (AUSPC) for rust. By increasing the silicic acid doses, a linear reduction on the AUPNLL of brown- eye spot was observed. The concentrations of phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S), boron (B), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) and as well as the contents of potassium (K), sulphur (S) and manganese (Mn) of shot dry weight were significatively influenced by silicic acid amendments to the soil. A mild epicuticular wax deposit was observed for the 2g-silicic acid dose (kg -1 of soil) and this was more evident at the dose 6 g kg –1 of soil. The use of the higher silicic acid dose (6 g kg –1 de soil) resulted in lower photosynthetic potential in the healthy seedlings. Peaks in silicon were not observed in any cultivar by the use of X-ray microanalysis however; lower potassium and calcium peaks were present in leaves from C. coffeicola-inoculated plants, when compared to leaves from healthy seedlings, in both cultivars.
The effect of adding silicon on the reduction of the brown-eye spot and rust intensities in coffee plants was evaluated in the present work in a set of four experiments. In the experiment 1, performed under field conditions, commercial silicon sources (A and B) were applied solely or in combination with fungicides: copper hydroxide, azoxystrobin and cyproconazole on the progress of brown-eye spot and rust in coffee plants from the cultivar Acaia Cerrado MG1474. The second experiment, carried out in greenhouse, aimed to verify the influence of silicic acid (doses 0; 0.5; 1; 2; 4 and 6 g kg –1 of soil) on the intensity of brown- eye spot and the mineral nutrition of coffee seedlings from the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99. In the third experiment, the effect of silicic acid was studied in the same doses previously mentioned for the buildup of lignin, chlorophyll a and b, carotenoid quantities, photosynthetic potential, epidermal, cambium, phloem, xylem and spongy parenchyma widths and the presence of epicuticular wax in coffee seedlings from the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 inoculated with Cercospora coffeicola. The last experiment aimed to detect the presence of silicon in the cultivars Icatu Amarelo 3282 and Topázio MG1190 through X-ray microanalysis in seedlings sprayed with calcium silicate (1 g kg –1 of substract) and inoculated with C. coffeicola. The lower area under the progress curve of the number of lesions/leaf (AUPNLL) for brown-eye spot was observed for the treatment silicate A + Azoxystrobin in the field experiment. Treatments silicate A + silicate B, silicate A, silicate A + copper hydroxide, control and silicate B showed the area under the incidence progress curve of rust significatively higher than the other treatments. The use of silicate B significantly increased the AUPNLL and area under the severity progress curve (AUSPC) for rust. By increasing the silicic acid doses, a linear reduction on the AUPNLL of brown- eye spot was observed. The concentrations of phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S), boron (B), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) and as well as the contents of potassium (K), sulphur (S) and manganese (Mn) of shot dry weight were significatively influenced by silicic acid amendments to the soil. A mild epicuticular wax deposit was observed for the 2g-silicic acid dose (kg -1 of soil) and this was more evident at the dose 6 g kg –1 of soil. The use of the higher silicic acid dose (6 g kg –1 de soil) resulted in lower photosynthetic potential in the healthy seedlings. Peaks in silicon were not observed in any cultivar by the use of X-ray microanalysis however; lower potassium and calcium peaks were present in leaves from C. coffeicola-inoculated plants, when compared to leaves from healthy seedlings, in both cultivars.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Silício, Cercosporiose, Ferrugem
Citação
BOTELHO, D. M. S. Progresso da cercosporiose e da ferrugem do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) em função da aplicação de silício. 2006. 111 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia - Fitopatologia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2006.