Resposta fisiológica de plantas à injúria por insetos e impacto de inseticida sobre artrópodos de solo
Arquivos
Data
2002
Autores
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A crescente necessidade por segurança ambiental quando enfrentando o problema advindo do controle de pragas tem levado a melhoria nas técnicas atualmente disponíveis para alcançar-se tal objetivo. Este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a resposta de batata e soja à injúria ocasionada por insetos fitófagos e o impacto do aldicarbe sobre habitantes do solo em lavoura de café usando a análise por variáveis canônicas. Visando estudar a resposta das plantas à injúria por insetos, dois experimentos foram conduzidos em um campo comercial de batatas localizado no município de Kearney no centro sul do estado de Nebraska, EUA e em um campo experimental de soja localizado na Rosemount Research and Outreach Center, Universidade de Minnesota, Rosemount, MN, EUA. No campo de batata foram realizados experimentos em três épocas diferentes: 12-13/07/2001, 1-2/ 08/2001, and 14-15/08/2001. O primeiro e o segundo experimentos foram representados por um fatorial de 3 (variedades - Russet Norkotah, Atlantic e Frito-Lays) x 2 (tratamentos - testemunhas com gaiola e folhas infestadas) e o terceiro foi um fatorial de 3 (variedades - Russet Norkotah, Atlantic e Frito-Lays) x 3 (tratamentos - testemunha com gaiola, testemunha sem gaiola e folhas infestadas), em ambos os casos sendo os tratamentos dispostos no delineamento em blocos ao acaso com oito repetições. No campo de soja, o experimento foi composto de três tratamentos os quais foram: níveis de infestação baixo, intermediário e alto, sendo estes analisados como delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com oito repetições. Foram medidas as trocas gasosas das plantas de batata e soja, fluorescência e proporções de isótopos estáveis de carbono de plantas de soja em resposta á injúria ocasionada pelo gafanhoto de perna vermelha (Melanoplus femurrubrum Orthoptera: Acrididae) e pelo pulgão da soja (Aphis glycines Homoptera: Aphididae), respectivamente. Os gafanhotos não afetaram as trocas gasosas das plantas de batata (quando as taxas de injúria estavam entre 10-25%). As plantas de soja apresentaram reduções nas trocas gasosas de mais de 50% nos folíolos infestados, porém não alteraram os parâmetros de fluorescência. Visando estudar o impacto do aldicarbe sobre artrópodos do solo de café, conduziu-se um experimento em um cafezal da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil, o qual foi composto por três tratamentos (controle, uma aplicação de 10 g de Temik 150/planta e duas aplicações de 10 g de Temik 150/planta) e quatro blocos, avaliados uma data antes da aplicação do inseticida e 13 datas após a aplicação do inseticida. Verificou-se que impacto do aldicarb sobre a abundância da comunidade de artrópodos do solo de café visualizada através do padrão diferencial de dispersão adotado pelas parcelas controle quando comparadas com as parcelas tratadas uma e duas vezes com aldicarb. As parcelas que receberam uma e duas aplicações de aldicarb não difereriram entre si. A principal espécie impactada foi Acarinae: morfoespécie 4.
The growing need for environmental safety when dealing with pest control has led to the improvement of the approaches currently available to achieve this goal. In such context, methods that tend to envision pest problem in a more balanced way has gained importance. This study was carried out to evaluate soybean and potato response to the injury of phytophagous insects and the aldicarb impact over the inner coffee soil dwellers. To study plant response to insect injury two experiments were carried out: the first one was run on a potato field at Kearney County in south-central Nebraska, USA, and the second one was done on a soybean field at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Research and Outreach Center, Rosemount, MN, USA. On the potato field, it was carried out experiments in three different times: 07/12-13/2001, 08/1-2/2001, and 08/14-15/2001. The first and second one were represented by a 3 (varieties - Russet Norkotah, Atlantic and a Frito-Lays proprietary cultivar) x 2 (treatments - caged control and infested leaves) factorial and the third one was a 3 (varieties - Russet Norkotah, Atlantic and a Frito-Lays proprietary cultivar) x 3 (treatments - caged control, uncaged control and infested leaves) factorial, in both cases being the treatments arranged in randomized blocks with eight replicates. On the soybean field, the experiment envisioned three treatments which were low, intermediate and high aphid infestation levels which were arranged in randomized blocks with eight replicates. It was measured the potato gas exchange response and the soybean gas exchange, fluorescence, and stable carbon isotope ratio response to the redlegged grasshopper (Melanoplus femurrubrum Orthoptera: Acrididae) and soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Homoptera: Aphididae), respectively. With injury rates of about 10-25% the potato gas exchange was not affected by the grasshopper. Soybean plants showed reductions of up to 50% on the gas exchange parameters of infested leaflets but did not alter the fluorescence parameters. To study the aldicarb impact over coffee soil arthropods, it was set up an experiment in a coffee plantation at the Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil, with three treatments (control, one application of 10 g of Temik 150 (aldicarb)/plant and two applications of 10 g of Temik 150/plant) and four blocks, sampled one day before insecticide application and 13 different times after the insecticide application. There was significant effect of aldicarb application on the abundance of coffee soil arthropods based on different dispersion pattern of the control plots on the canonical axis when compared to plots treated once and twice with aldicarb. The plots which received one and two aldicarb applications did not differ significantly. The main species affected was mite morphspecies 4.
The growing need for environmental safety when dealing with pest control has led to the improvement of the approaches currently available to achieve this goal. In such context, methods that tend to envision pest problem in a more balanced way has gained importance. This study was carried out to evaluate soybean and potato response to the injury of phytophagous insects and the aldicarb impact over the inner coffee soil dwellers. To study plant response to insect injury two experiments were carried out: the first one was run on a potato field at Kearney County in south-central Nebraska, USA, and the second one was done on a soybean field at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Research and Outreach Center, Rosemount, MN, USA. On the potato field, it was carried out experiments in three different times: 07/12-13/2001, 08/1-2/2001, and 08/14-15/2001. The first and second one were represented by a 3 (varieties - Russet Norkotah, Atlantic and a Frito-Lays proprietary cultivar) x 2 (treatments - caged control and infested leaves) factorial and the third one was a 3 (varieties - Russet Norkotah, Atlantic and a Frito-Lays proprietary cultivar) x 3 (treatments - caged control, uncaged control and infested leaves) factorial, in both cases being the treatments arranged in randomized blocks with eight replicates. On the soybean field, the experiment envisioned three treatments which were low, intermediate and high aphid infestation levels which were arranged in randomized blocks with eight replicates. It was measured the potato gas exchange response and the soybean gas exchange, fluorescence, and stable carbon isotope ratio response to the redlegged grasshopper (Melanoplus femurrubrum Orthoptera: Acrididae) and soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Homoptera: Aphididae), respectively. With injury rates of about 10-25% the potato gas exchange was not affected by the grasshopper. Soybean plants showed reductions of up to 50% on the gas exchange parameters of infested leaflets but did not alter the fluorescence parameters. To study the aldicarb impact over coffee soil arthropods, it was set up an experiment in a coffee plantation at the Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil, with three treatments (control, one application of 10 g of Temik 150 (aldicarb)/plant and two applications of 10 g of Temik 150/plant) and four blocks, sampled one day before insecticide application and 13 different times after the insecticide application. There was significant effect of aldicarb application on the abundance of coffee soil arthropods based on different dispersion pattern of the control plots on the canonical axis when compared to plots treated once and twice with aldicarb. The plots which received one and two aldicarb applications did not differ significantly. The main species affected was mite morphspecies 4.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Batata Soja Trocas gasosas Interação inseto-planta Inseticidas Toxicologia Ecotoxicologia Insetos nocivos Danos sobre a fotossíntese Aldicarbe, Coffee Potato Soybeans Gas-exchange Insect-plant relationship Ecotoxicology Multivariate techniques Aldicarb
Citação
Bastos, Cristina Schetino. Plant physiological response to insect injury and insecticide impact over soil arthropods. Viçosa : UFV, 2002. 59p. : il. (Tese - Doutorado em Fitotecnia) Orientador: Marcelo Coutinho Picanço T 632.6 B327p 2002