Qualidade dos cafés cereja, bóia, mistura submetidos a diferentes períodos de amontoamento e tipos de secagem
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Data
2002
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Esta tese conta de três experimentos, sendo dois realizados na safra de 1999 (1 e 2) e um na safra de 2001 (3). Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da matéria-prima e do tipo de secagem na qualidade do café, no experimento 1 foram utilizadas amostras de café bóia, cereja e mistura colhida em três épocas diferente e secada ao sol. No experimento 2, foram utilizadas amostras de café bóia, cereja e mistura, provenientes de uma só colheita e secadas em secador experimental de camada fixa, com temperaturas de secagem de 45, 50 e 55ºC. No experimento 3 foi verificada a qualidade do café mistura submetido a diferentes períodos de amontoamento após a colheita (0,1,2,3,4, e 5 dias). A secagem também foi feita ao sol e em secador experimental, utilizando uma temperatura de 50ºC. Em todos os experimentos foram utilizadas análises físicas, químicas e sensoriais (prova de xícara). As secagens foram realizadas nas instalações da Usina de Beneficiamento de Sementes do Departamento de Agricultura e as análises nos Laboratórios de Qualidade da EPAMIG, no campus da Universidade Federal de Lavras. Pelos resultados obtidos no experimento 1, notaram-se algumas características desejáveis nos frutos de café cereja, como aspecto, cor dos grãos, menor número de defeitos e menores teores de compostos fenólicos. Os outros índices químicos, apesar de apresentarem diferenças significativas, não tiveram valores definidos em função das matérias-primas e das épocas de colheita. No experimento 2, a secagem a 55ºC apresentou amostras de café com maior número de defeitos, tipo, 6/7 a pior aspecto, principalmente para o café mistura. As diferenças entre 45 e 50ºC foram pequenas. Os maiores efeitos do aumento da temperatura até 55ºC foram em elevar os valores de lixiviação de potássio e de condutividade elétrica, caracterizando modificações na membrana celular. Os outros constituintes, caracterizando modificações na membrana celular. Os outros constituintes, como açúcar e compostos fenólicos, não tiveram variações definidas. No experimento 3, foi verificado um maior aumento no número de defeitos para o café secado ao sol somente no 5º dia de amontoamento, cujo tipo aumentou de 6-20 para 7-10, e bebida dura ardida. Já na secagem em secador, a partir do 2ºdia de amontoamento, o café apresentou grande número de defeitos, tipo acima de 7 e bebida dura avinagrada. O índice de coloração, tanto para o café secado ao sol quanto para o café secado em secador, atingiu baixos teores a partir do 3º dia de amontoamento, com características de branqueamento. Houve uma pequena tendência de aumento da acidez com o aumento do período de amontoamento. Não houve variação definida nos teores de extrato etéreo e de proteína bruta. A lixiviação de potássio aumentou com o amontoamento do café até cinco dias, nas duas secagens. Assim, o período de amontoamento do café após a colheita de dois dias ou mais e temperaturas acima de 55ºC podem ser críticos para a qualidade do café.
This thesis of three experiments, two of them being carried out in the 1999 crop (1 and 2) and one in the 2001 crop (3). With a view to verifying the effect of raw material and type of drying upon the quality of coffee were utilized, harvested in three differeng times and sun-died. In experiment 2, samples of cherry, buoy and mixtue coffee comin from a single harvest and dried in an experimental fixed-layer dryer, under drying temperatures of 45, 50 and 55ºC were utilized. In experiments three, the quality of the mixture coffee submitted to different heaping periods was assessed after harvest (0,1,2,3,4 and 5 days). Drying was also done in the sun and in experimetal dryer by utilized a fixed temperature of 50ºC. In all the experiments, physical, chemical and sensorial analyses were done (cup test). The dryings were performed in the facilities of the Seed Processing Plant of the Department of Agriculture and the analyses in the Grain and Seed Laboratory of the Food Sciense Departamet and in the EPAMIG Quality Laboratory on the Federal University of Lavras campus. From the results obtained in experiment 1, some desirable characteristics in the cherry coffee, such as appearance, bean color, small number of defects indices, in spite of showing significant differences, had no definite values in terms of the raw material and harvest times. In experiment 2, the drying at 55ºC presented coffee samples with a greater number of defects, type 6/7 and worse appearance, mainly for the mixture coffee. The differences between 45ºC and 50ºC were small. The greatest effect ot the rise of temperature up to 55°C were elevating the values of potassium leaching and electric conductivity, characterizing modification in the cell membrane. The other constituents such as sugars and phenolic compounds did not present definite variations. In experiment 3, a greater increase in the number of defects was verified for the sun-died coffee, only on the fifth heaping day, whose type increased from 6-20 to 7-10 and sting hard beverage. But in dryer-drying, from the second day of heaping, the coffee presented a great number of defects, type above 7 and vinegared hard beverage. The colortion index both for the sun-dried coffee and dryer-dried coffee characteristics. These were a small trend of increasing acidity with increasing heaping period. These were no definite variations in the contents of ether extract and crude protein. Potassium leaching increased with coffee heaping after harvest up to five days in both dryings. Thus, the heaping period of coffee after the harvest of tow days or more and temperatures above 55ºC may be critical for the coffee quality.
This thesis of three experiments, two of them being carried out in the 1999 crop (1 and 2) and one in the 2001 crop (3). With a view to verifying the effect of raw material and type of drying upon the quality of coffee were utilized, harvested in three differeng times and sun-died. In experiment 2, samples of cherry, buoy and mixtue coffee comin from a single harvest and dried in an experimental fixed-layer dryer, under drying temperatures of 45, 50 and 55ºC were utilized. In experiments three, the quality of the mixture coffee submitted to different heaping periods was assessed after harvest (0,1,2,3,4 and 5 days). Drying was also done in the sun and in experimetal dryer by utilized a fixed temperature of 50ºC. In all the experiments, physical, chemical and sensorial analyses were done (cup test). The dryings were performed in the facilities of the Seed Processing Plant of the Department of Agriculture and the analyses in the Grain and Seed Laboratory of the Food Sciense Departamet and in the EPAMIG Quality Laboratory on the Federal University of Lavras campus. From the results obtained in experiment 1, some desirable characteristics in the cherry coffee, such as appearance, bean color, small number of defects indices, in spite of showing significant differences, had no definite values in terms of the raw material and harvest times. In experiment 2, the drying at 55ºC presented coffee samples with a greater number of defects, type 6/7 and worse appearance, mainly for the mixture coffee. The differences between 45ºC and 50ºC were small. The greatest effect ot the rise of temperature up to 55°C were elevating the values of potassium leaching and electric conductivity, characterizing modification in the cell membrane. The other constituents such as sugars and phenolic compounds did not present definite variations. In experiment 3, a greater increase in the number of defects was verified for the sun-died coffee, only on the fifth heaping day, whose type increased from 6-20 to 7-10 and sting hard beverage. But in dryer-drying, from the second day of heaping, the coffee presented a great number of defects, type above 7 and vinegared hard beverage. The colortion index both for the sun-dried coffee and dryer-dried coffee characteristics. These were a small trend of increasing acidity with increasing heaping period. These were no definite variations in the contents of ether extract and crude protein. Potassium leaching increased with coffee heaping after harvest up to five days in both dryings. Thus, the heaping period of coffee after the harvest of tow days or more and temperatures above 55ºC may be critical for the coffee quality.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Café Qualidade Secagem Deterioração, Coffee Quality Drying
Citação
Oliveira, Gilvana Aparecida de. Qualidade dos cafés cereja, bóia, mistura submetidos a diferentes períodos de amontoamento e tipos de secagem. Lavras : UFLA, 2002. 100p. (Tese - Doutorado em Ciência dos Alimentos). Orientador: Evódio Ribeiro Vilela. T 663.93 o48q 2002