Detecção de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em raízes de cafeeiro e de crotalária cultivada na entrelinha
Data
2000-10
Título da Revista
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Editor
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa
Resumo
Avaliou-se a ocorrência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) no solo rizosférico e nas raízes de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) e de Crotalaria breviflora DC., cultivada na entrelinha como adubo verde. Amostras de solo rizosférico e raízes foram coletadas em julho de 1997, em parte de um experimento de longa duração conduzido no campo pelo Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, no município de Mirasselva, PR. Determinou-se a diversidade de FMAs, por meio da identificação morfológica dos esporos, a freqüência de ocorrência de populações de FMAs por meio da contagem direta de esporos no solo, e a colonização radicular. Extraiu-se DNA de raízes de cafeeiro colonizadas e não-colonizadas e de esporos de Acaulospora longula e Scutellospora gilmorei, coletados na rizosfera, realizando-se a PCR (“Polimerase chain reaction”) com primers ITS (“Internal transcribed spacer”) e comparando os perfis de bandas obtidos. O cultivo de crotalária na entrelinha do cafeeiro aumentou a concentração de esporos de FMAs na rizosfera do cafeeiro. A crotalária e o cafeeiro estimularam populações diferentes de FMAs. O gênero Acaulospora predominou na rizosfera do cafeeiro, e Scutellospora e Gigaspora na rizosfera da crotalária. Usando técnicas moleculares, foi possível caracterizar FMAs na rizosfera e nas raízes colonizadas do cafeeiro. O fungo micorrízico Scutellospora gilmorei, de ocorrência comum em cafeeiro e crotalária, não foi encontrado colonizando as raízes do cafeeiro. O uso de técnicas moleculares pode auxiliar no estudo da dinâmica populacional de FMAs no campo.
The sporulation and occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was evaluated in the coffee trees (Coffea arabica L.) and Crotalaria breviflora DC. rhizosphere and roots. C. breviflora was intercropped for green manure of the coffee plants. Samples of rhizosphere soil and roots were collected in July of 1997 in a long-time experiment localized at the Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), in Mirasselva, PR, Brazil. The AMF diversity was determined through the morphologic identification of spores, the AMF occurrence frequency by the direct counting of spores in the soil, and the root colonization. To identify AMF in coffee roots, DNA from spores collected in the rhizosphere and from colonized coffee roots was extracted and used for PCR (Polimerase chain reaction) with ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) primers, comparing the obtained bands. The legume intercropping cultiva- tion increased the spores concentration of AMF in the soil. Coffee and C. breviflora plants stimulated populations of different AMF in their rhizospheres. Scutellospora spp. and Gigaspora spp. were more abundant at the legume rhizosphere. Acaulospora spp. occurred more often in coffee plant rhizospheres. Using molecular techniques, it was possible to characterize AMF in the rhizosphere and in the colonized roots of the coffee plants. Scutellospora gilmorei, of common occurrence in coffee plants and C. breviflora, was not found colonizing the roots of coffee plants. Molecular techiniques can be of great help in the study of AM fungal dynamics in the field.
The sporulation and occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was evaluated in the coffee trees (Coffea arabica L.) and Crotalaria breviflora DC. rhizosphere and roots. C. breviflora was intercropped for green manure of the coffee plants. Samples of rhizosphere soil and roots were collected in July of 1997 in a long-time experiment localized at the Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), in Mirasselva, PR, Brazil. The AMF diversity was determined through the morphologic identification of spores, the AMF occurrence frequency by the direct counting of spores in the soil, and the root colonization. To identify AMF in coffee roots, DNA from spores collected in the rhizosphere and from colonized coffee roots was extracted and used for PCR (Polimerase chain reaction) with ITS (Internal transcribed spacer) primers, comparing the obtained bands. The legume intercropping cultiva- tion increased the spores concentration of AMF in the soil. Coffee and C. breviflora plants stimulated populations of different AMF in their rhizospheres. Scutellospora spp. and Gigaspora spp. were more abundant at the legume rhizosphere. Acaulospora spp. occurred more often in coffee plant rhizospheres. Using molecular techniques, it was possible to characterize AMF in the rhizosphere and in the colonized roots of the coffee plants. Scutellospora gilmorei, of common occurrence in coffee plants and C. breviflora, was not found colonizing the roots of coffee plants. Molecular techiniques can be of great help in the study of AM fungal dynamics in the field.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, Crotalaria breviflora, Relação planta-solo, Rizosfera, Simbiontes, Fungos
Citação
COLOZZI FILHO, A.; CARDOSO,E. J. B. N. Detecção de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em raízes de cafeeiro e de crotalária cultivada na entrelinha. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, v.35, n.10, p.2033-2042, out. 2000.