Alterações químicas, físicas e mobilidade de íons no solo decorrentes da aplicação da água residuária da lavagem e despolpa de frutos do cafeeiro conilon
Arquivos
Data
2003
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido visando caracterizar a água residuária da lavagem e despolpa dos frutos do cafeeiro conilon, avaliar as alterações químicas e físico-hídricas no solo conseqüentes da aplicação dessas águas, bem como determinar os fatores de retardamento e os coeficientes dispersivos-difusivos dos íons de potássio, sódio, cálcio e magnésio presentes nestas águas. As alterações químicas nos materiais de solos foi determinada, incubando-os, por 20 dias, em recipientes com capacidade de quatro litros saturados com quatro diluições da água residuária. Os parâmetros de transporte de potássio, sódio, cálcio e magnésio, presentes na água residuária, foram determinados em colunas dos três solos contendo materiais do horizonte A. As concentrações relativas das amostras oriundas do efluente e os respectivos volumes de poros constituíram dados de entrada no modelo computacional DISP, enquanto os dados de saída do modelo foram as curvas de efluentes, para cada íon analisado, e os respectivos valores do fator de retardamento e coeficiente dispersivo-difusivo. As concentrações de sódio e potássio, os valores do pH, saturação de bases, CTC efetiva, soma de bases e condutividade elétrica do extrato do solo saturado, aumentaram com a concentração da água residuária. Por outro lado, os valores de alumínio trocável, saturação por alumínio e acidez potencial (H+Al) diminuíram. As altas concentrações da água residuária diminuíram a proporção de argila dispersa em água e aumentaram os valores da razão de adsorção de potássio, além de apresentar risco de contaminação de águas subterrâneas pelos íons presentes nestas águas. As águas residuárias da lavagem e despolpa dos frutos do cafeeiro conilon apresentaram reais possibilidades de uso no cultivo agrícola, contanto que seja respeitada a concentração adequada ao tipo de solo e profundidade do lençol freático, além das diretrizes técnicas fundamentadas nas exigências nutricionais da cultura instalada.
This study aimed to characterize the wastewater from pulping and washing the conilon coffee beans, to evaluate the chemical and hydric-physical changes in soil resulting from the application of these waters, as well as to determine the retardation factors and the diffusive-dispersive coefficients of the potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium ions in these waters. The chemical changes in the soil materials were determined, by incubating these materials for 20 days in 4L containers which were saturated with four wastewater dilutions. The transport parameters of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in the wastewater were determined in the columns of those three soils containing the materials of the A horizon. The relative concentrations of the samples originating from the effluent and the respective pore volumes were the input data in the computational model DISP, whereas the output data were the effluent curves for each analyzed ion and respective values of the retardation factor and diffusive-dispersive coefficient. The concentrations of sodium and potassium, the values of pH, base saturation, effective CTC, the basis sums, and the electric conductivity of the saturated soil extract were increased as the wastewater concentration increased. On the other hand, the values of the exchangeable aluminum, aluminum saturation, and potential acidity (H+Al) were diminished. The high concentrations of the wastewater reduced the proportion of the water-dispersed clay, but increased the values of the potassium adsorption ratio besides showing the risk to contamination of the underground waters by the ions contained in these waters. The wastewaters from pulping and washing the conilon coffee beans presented real possibilities to be used in the agricultural cropping, provided that its concentration is appropriate to either the soil type and water table depth, in addition to the technical guidelines based on nutritional requirements of the crop.
This study aimed to characterize the wastewater from pulping and washing the conilon coffee beans, to evaluate the chemical and hydric-physical changes in soil resulting from the application of these waters, as well as to determine the retardation factors and the diffusive-dispersive coefficients of the potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium ions in these waters. The chemical changes in the soil materials were determined, by incubating these materials for 20 days in 4L containers which were saturated with four wastewater dilutions. The transport parameters of potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in the wastewater were determined in the columns of those three soils containing the materials of the A horizon. The relative concentrations of the samples originating from the effluent and the respective pore volumes were the input data in the computational model DISP, whereas the output data were the effluent curves for each analyzed ion and respective values of the retardation factor and diffusive-dispersive coefficient. The concentrations of sodium and potassium, the values of pH, base saturation, effective CTC, the basis sums, and the electric conductivity of the saturated soil extract were increased as the wastewater concentration increased. On the other hand, the values of the exchangeable aluminum, aluminum saturation, and potential acidity (H+Al) were diminished. The high concentrations of the wastewater reduced the proportion of the water-dispersed clay, but increased the values of the potassium adsorption ratio besides showing the risk to contamination of the underground waters by the ions contained in these waters. The wastewaters from pulping and washing the conilon coffee beans presented real possibilities to be used in the agricultural cropping, provided that its concentration is appropriate to either the soil type and water table depth, in addition to the technical guidelines based on nutritional requirements of the crop.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Águas residuárias Lavagem Despolpa Solos Efeito de águas residuais Mobilidade de íons Características físicas Características químicas, Coffee WastewatersPulping Washing Soils Effects of wastewaters Ion mobility Physical characteristics Chemical characteristics
Citação
Garcia, Giovanni de Oliveira. Alterações químicas, físicas e mobilidade de íons no solo decorrentes da aplicação da água residuária da lavagem e despolpa de frutos do cafeeiro conilon. Viçosa : UFV, 2003. 101p. : il. (Dissertação - Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola). Orientador: Paulo Afonso Ferreira. T 628.3 G216a 2003