Evolução da lesão aterosclerótica e perfil lipídico de camundongos knockout Apo e alimentados com resíduo de café seco e fermentado.
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Data
2008
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A cafeicultura é uma atividade agrícola que produz um grande volume de resíduos líquidos e sólidos, gerando custos com o tratamento e destinação dos mesmos. O resíduo do fruto do cafeeiro, por ser rico em macro e micro nutrientes como açúcares, proteínas, Ca, Mg, P, N e K, torna-se um meio indutor para o crescimento e cultivo de fungos. Os fungos do gênero Monascus têm sido utilizados na culinária oriental como corante, condimento e para dar sabor aos alimentos. Os produtos da fermentação por Monascus têm sido utilizados na alimentação de animais e de humanos para reduzir os níveis séricos de lipídios pela inibição da HMG-CoA redutase, a enzima chave na biossíntese do colesterol. Dessa maneira, esses produtos auxiliam na prevenção de patologias específicas (dislipidemias), como a aterosclerose. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a composição centesimal dos resíduos do café fermentado com Monascus ruber e não fermentado, bem como avaliar o efeito da adição desses resíduos à dieta de camundongos knockout Apo E hiperlipidêmicos como fator atenuante à formação de placas de ateroma. A conservação da cepa foi realizada em meio PDA. Utilizou-se solução contendo 0,1% de MgSO4, 0,1% de KH2PO4 e 1% de NH4Cl para o enriquecimento do meio contendo o resíduo seco e elevação de seu teor de umidade para 50%. A esse meio foi adicionada suspensão de esporos. Análises bromatológicas dos resíduos fermentado e não fermentado foram realizadas segundo os métodos recomendados pelo Instituto Adolfo Lutz. O resíduo seco apresentou 10,2% de umidade, 8,5% de cinzas, 1,4% de lipídios, 11,7% de proteínas e 67,9% de carboidratos totais. Para o resíduo fermentado foram obtidos 9,9% de umidade, 10,2% de cinzas, 1,2% de lipídios, 17% de proteínas e 61,8% de carboidratos totais. O consumo do resíduo de café, fermentado e sem a fermentação, por animais Apo E alimentados com dieta aterogênica suplementada com diferentes concentrações dos resíduos, não alterou o consumo alimentar, o ganho de peso e o índice hepático quando comparados ao grupo controle (G1). O resíduo de café sem fermentar 2% (G2) diminuiu significativamente em 42% o nível de triacilgliceróis e em 41% a fração VLDL-c quando comparados ao grupo que recebeu somente dieta aterogênica (G1). Os camundongos que foram alimentados com o resíduo fermentado a 2% (G4) e a 10% (G5) apresentaram um aumento de respectivamente, 66,6% e 33,3% no depósito de gordura hepático, enquanto o resíduo sem fermentar não alterou os hepatócitos. Os animais que receberam o resíduo fermentado 2% (G4) apresentaram o melhor efeito na diminuição da área da lesão aórtica. Já os animais que consumiram o resíduo fermentado 10% (G5) não apresentou efeito sob as lesões. Em contrapartida, o grupo que recebeu resíduo sem fermentar 10% (G3) aumentou significativamente as lesões aórticas quando comparadas ao grupo controle (G1).
Coffee-growing is an agricultural activity which generates a large volume of both liquid and solid waste, creating huge costs to its treatment. The residue of the fruit of the coffee, because it is rich in macro and micro nutrients such as sugars, proteins, Ca, Mg, P, N and K, becomes a way to induct the growth and cultivation of fungi. The fungus of the genus Monascus has been used in Oriental cooking as coloring, for seasoning and flavoring food, etc. Products fermented by Monascus have been used in human and animal nutrition to reduce serum lipids levels by inhibiting HMG-CoA redutase, the cholesterol synthesis key enzyme. This way, these products are able to prevent and decrease dyslipidemies, such atherosclerosis. In the present study, we determinate the centesimal composition of coffee residues unfermented and fermented by Monascus ruber. The effects of adding these residues to diets of hyperlipidemic knockout Apo E mices were evaluated on occurrence of atheroma plaques. The strain’s conservation was held in PDA amid. A solution composed by 0.1% MgSO4, 0.1% KH2PO4 and 1% of NH4Cl was used to enrich the environment containing the dry residue and to elevate it’s moisture content up to 50%. To this environment was added suspension of spores. The fermented and unfermented residue bromatological analysis bromatological were performed using the methods recommended by the Adolfo Lutz Institute (Brazil, 2005). The dry residue showed 10.2% moisture, 8.5% ash, 1.4% lipids, 11.7% protein and 67.9% of total carbohydrates. 9.9% of humidity to the fermented residue were obtained, 10.2% of ashes, 1.2% of fat, 17% of protein and 61.8% of total carbohydrates. The consumption of the coffee residue (fermented and unfermented) by Apo E animals, fed with atherogenic diet supplemented with different concentrations of residue, showed no changes in the evolution of weight and weight gain. The serum lipids also showed no difference between the treatment groups; only at the fraction VLDL-C e TG of animals fed with 2% of the waste without ferment (G2) the decrease was significant. The mice that were fed with fermented residue to 2% (G4) and 10% (G5) showed an increase of respectively 66.6% and 33.3% in the deposit of liver fat, showing that the fermentation contributed to this increase. In the evaluation of the atherosclerotics lesions it was verified that fermentation of the residue is directly related to its concentration, showing that, in low concentration (2%), the fermentation is beneficial. Also, the residue with no fermentation in bigger concentrations (10%) presented positive effect.
Coffee-growing is an agricultural activity which generates a large volume of both liquid and solid waste, creating huge costs to its treatment. The residue of the fruit of the coffee, because it is rich in macro and micro nutrients such as sugars, proteins, Ca, Mg, P, N and K, becomes a way to induct the growth and cultivation of fungi. The fungus of the genus Monascus has been used in Oriental cooking as coloring, for seasoning and flavoring food, etc. Products fermented by Monascus have been used in human and animal nutrition to reduce serum lipids levels by inhibiting HMG-CoA redutase, the cholesterol synthesis key enzyme. This way, these products are able to prevent and decrease dyslipidemies, such atherosclerosis. In the present study, we determinate the centesimal composition of coffee residues unfermented and fermented by Monascus ruber. The effects of adding these residues to diets of hyperlipidemic knockout Apo E mices were evaluated on occurrence of atheroma plaques. The strain’s conservation was held in PDA amid. A solution composed by 0.1% MgSO4, 0.1% KH2PO4 and 1% of NH4Cl was used to enrich the environment containing the dry residue and to elevate it’s moisture content up to 50%. To this environment was added suspension of spores. The fermented and unfermented residue bromatological analysis bromatological were performed using the methods recommended by the Adolfo Lutz Institute (Brazil, 2005). The dry residue showed 10.2% moisture, 8.5% ash, 1.4% lipids, 11.7% protein and 67.9% of total carbohydrates. 9.9% of humidity to the fermented residue were obtained, 10.2% of ashes, 1.2% of fat, 17% of protein and 61.8% of total carbohydrates. The consumption of the coffee residue (fermented and unfermented) by Apo E animals, fed with atherogenic diet supplemented with different concentrations of residue, showed no changes in the evolution of weight and weight gain. The serum lipids also showed no difference between the treatment groups; only at the fraction VLDL-C e TG of animals fed with 2% of the waste without ferment (G2) the decrease was significant. The mice that were fed with fermented residue to 2% (G4) and 10% (G5) showed an increase of respectively 66.6% and 33.3% in the deposit of liver fat, showing that the fermentation contributed to this increase. In the evaluation of the atherosclerotics lesions it was verified that fermentation of the residue is directly related to its concentration, showing that, in low concentration (2%), the fermentation is beneficial. Also, the residue with no fermentation in bigger concentrations (10%) presented positive effect.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café seco Café fermentado Resíduos Monascus Crescimento em resíduos de café Corantes Condimento Aterosclerose Café e saúde, Dry coffee residue Fermentaded coffee residue Monascus Growth on coffee residues Food coloring Seasoning Flavoring Atherosclerosis
Citação
Brito, Larissa Froede. Evolução da lesão aterosclerótica e perfil lipídico de camundongos knockout Apo e alimentados com resíduo de café seco e fermentado. Viçosa, 2008. 57p.:il. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica Agrícola). Orientador: José Humberto de Queiroz. T 628.746 B862e 2008