Caracterização de sistemas agroflorestais com cafeeiro em Lavras - MG
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2004
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Com o objetivo de caracterizar sistemas agroflorestais em Lavras, foram estudados consórcios cafeeiros x ingazeiro (I), cafeeiro x grevílea (G) e cafeeiros a pleno sol (P), onde foram avaliadas as doenças ferrugem e a cercosporiose do cafeeiro; as características químicas do solo; a nutrição , a produtividade, as características fitotécnicas dos cafeeiros e as características silviculturais das árvores. Os cafeeiros são da cultivar Mundo Novo e foram recepados a cinco anos. Os ingazeiros (15 anos), foram plantados juntamente com o cafeeiro. As doenças foram avaliadas por dois anos (abril/01 a março/03); a produtividade, em agosto de 2003, e posteriormente a fertilidade dos solos (camada de 0-20 cm) e análise foliar dos cafeeiros (set/03). As medições das árvores e dos cafeeiros foram realizadas em maio de 2003. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com sete repetições. Em (I) a incidência de ferrugem foi superior a (G) e (P). Maiores incidências de cercosporiose ocorreram em (P); em (G) a incidência foi média e em (I) menor. A produtividade de "café da roça" foi maior em (I) e a produtividade de "café beneficiado" não apresentou diferenças significativas entre os sistemas. Solos em (P) apresentaram maiores valores de Ca, SB, (t) e MO, enquanto P, K, Mg, pH, V e H+Al não apresentaram diferenças significativas. O sistema (G) apresentou melhor nutrição, seguindo de (P) e (I), pelo índice de desvio percentual do ótimo (DOP). Correlações entre variáveis nutricionais e edáficas apresentaram comportamento distinto entre os sistemas.Menores valores para ramos plagiotrópicos e diâmetros do caule e maiores valores da área foliar dos cafeeiros foram observados no sistema (I). No sistema (I) as árvores possuem, em média, altura de 12,64 m, DAP de 77,34 e área de copa de 176,20m2. No sistema (G) as árvores possuem as médias: altura de 8,74 m, DAP de 23,9 cm e área de copa de 26,07m2.
Agroforesty sytems, coffee plant x ingazeio (I), coffee plant x grevillea (G) mixtures and coffee in the full sunshine, in Lavras, were studied. Diseases rust and coffee tree cercosporiose, the chemical characteristics of soil, nutrition, yield and the performance characteristics of coffee trees and silvicultural characteristics of trees were evaluated. The coffee trees are of the cultivar Mundo Novo and were lopped at five years. The Ingazeios (15 years) were planted together with the coffee tree. The grevílea (9 years) was introduced afterwards in the coffee tree’s row. The diseases were evaluated for two years (April/01 to March/03), yield in August 2003 and posterior to this, the evaluations of fertility of the soils (0-20cm layer) and leaf analysis of the coffee trees (September/03). The measurements of the trees and of the coffee plants were performed in May of 2003. The experimental design utilized was completely randomized with seven replicates. In (I) rust incidence was superior to (G) and (P). Higher cercosporiose incidences took place in (P), in (G), the inicidence was average and less in (I). The yield of "café da roça" was higher in (I), the yield of "processed coffee" presented no significant differences among the systems. Soils in (P) presented values higher of Ca, SB, (t) and MO. The variables P, K, Mg, pH, V and H+Al presented no significant differences. The system (G) showed the best nutrition, followed by (P) and (I), by the optimum percent deviation index (OPD). Correlations among nutritional and edaphic variables showed distinct behavior among the system (I), lower values for the plagiotropic branches and stem diameter and higher values of leaf area of the coffee plants were observed. In system (I) the trees possess, on average, 12,64 m in height, BHD of 77,34 and crow area of 176, 20 m2. In system (G) the trees possess the means: height of 8,74m, BHD of 23,9 cm and crown area of 26,07 m2.
Agroforesty sytems, coffee plant x ingazeio (I), coffee plant x grevillea (G) mixtures and coffee in the full sunshine, in Lavras, were studied. Diseases rust and coffee tree cercosporiose, the chemical characteristics of soil, nutrition, yield and the performance characteristics of coffee trees and silvicultural characteristics of trees were evaluated. The coffee trees are of the cultivar Mundo Novo and were lopped at five years. The Ingazeios (15 years) were planted together with the coffee tree. The grevílea (9 years) was introduced afterwards in the coffee tree’s row. The diseases were evaluated for two years (April/01 to March/03), yield in August 2003 and posterior to this, the evaluations of fertility of the soils (0-20cm layer) and leaf analysis of the coffee trees (September/03). The measurements of the trees and of the coffee plants were performed in May of 2003. The experimental design utilized was completely randomized with seven replicates. In (I) rust incidence was superior to (G) and (P). Higher cercosporiose incidences took place in (P), in (G), the inicidence was average and less in (I). The yield of "café da roça" was higher in (I), the yield of "processed coffee" presented no significant differences among the systems. Soils in (P) presented values higher of Ca, SB, (t) and MO. The variables P, K, Mg, pH, V and H+Al presented no significant differences. The system (G) showed the best nutrition, followed by (P) and (I), by the optimum percent deviation index (OPD). Correlations among nutritional and edaphic variables showed distinct behavior among the system (I), lower values for the plagiotropic branches and stem diameter and higher values of leaf area of the coffee plants were observed. In system (I) the trees possess, on average, 12,64 m in height, BHD of 77,34 and crow area of 176, 20 m2. In system (G) the trees possess the means: height of 8,74m, BHD of 23,9 cm and crown area of 26,07 m2.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Café Sistema agroflorestal Produtividade Coffea arabica Grevillea robusta Inga vera, Coffee Agroforestry system Yield Coffea arabica Grevillea robusta Inga vera
Citação
Salgado, Bruno Grandi. Caracterização de sistemas agroflorestais com cafeeiro em Lavras - MG. Lavras : UFLA, 2004. 115 p. : il. (Dissertação - Mestrado em Engenharia Florestal, área de concentração: Florestas de Produção). Orientador: Renato Luiz Grisi Macedo. T 633.73 S164c 2004