Incidência e controle de populações fúngicas associados à qualidade de bebida de café (Coffea arabica L.) na região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais
Arquivos
Data
2000
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
A ocorrência da bebida Rio é descrita em diversas regiões do Brasil e no mundo. A esta bebida, normalmente são conferidas cotações inferiores no valor do produto, vindo prejudicar economicamente o produtor de café. Existem sugestões de que determinados fungos estariam envolvidos na fermentação indesejável dos frutos do café em determinados ambientes, o que
acarretaria o surgimento das bebidas Riado e Rio. Com o objetivo de se estudar a incidência e na tentativa de se controlar química e biologicamente os microrganismos envolvidos na qualidade de bebida na Região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais, diversos experimentos foram montados no sentido de se verificar o comportamento dos diversos fungos envolvidos. Estes
experimentos permitiram concluir que os fungos mais expressivos foram Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Cercospora coffeicola e Cladosporium sp. Em todos os estádios de desenvolvimento Colletotrichum foi detectado, sendo que para Fusarium a sua maior incidência se deu nos frutos passa. Os fungos C. coffeicola e Cladosporium sp. apresentaram níveis de infecção considerados baixos. No entanto, Cladosporium apresentou incidência apenas nos estádios finais de maturação. Os fungos Aspergillus sp.
e Penicillium sp. ocorreram de maneira inexpressiva, também sendo verificado pelo teste de patogenicidade, que estes organismos não foram capazes de causar lesões em nenhum estádio de desenvolvimento dos frutos. Colletotrichum pode infectar se houver injúria mecânica, sendo que para Fusarium e C. coffeicola esta condição não é necessária para infectar.
Nenhum tratamento com fungicida ou produto biológico reduziu a porcentagem de infecção dos frutos por Colletotrichum. Obteve-se 0% de infecção pelos fungos estudados em frutos cerejas quando nestes foram aplicados benomil + mancozeb e cyproconazole + hidróxido de cobre. Estes mesmos tratamentos não eliminaram Fusarium sp. em frutos passa. Quando se
compararam todos os tratamentos aplicados no campo: campo + terreiro e terreiro, os tratamentos de terreiro sobressaíram-se no controle dos fungos sobre os demais tratamentos. As amostras de café colhidas da parcela testemunha nos experimentos
apresentaram mérito para qualidade de bebida igual ou superior aos outros tratamentos avaliados, sendo conferida a essas amostras a classificação como bebidas Duro e Apenas Mole.
The occurrence of ‘Rio’ coffee drink is described in various regions of Brazil and the world. Lower prices are usually paid to this product type causing financial loss to the coffee farmer. Certain fungi are believed to be involved in the unwanted fermentation of coffee beans in certain environments, causing the occurrence of the Riado and Rio drink types. Several experiments were set up to investigate the behavior of the fungi involved in the loss of drink quality in the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais State. The objective was to assess incidence and to chemically and/or biologically control the microorganisms involved. The results showed that the most widespread fungi were Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Cercospora coffeicola and Cladosporium sp. Colletotrichum was detected at all development stages, while the highest incidence of Fusarium was in the flaccid cherries. The C. coffeicola and Cladosporium sp. fungi infection levels were considered low, with Cladosporium only occurring in the final maturity stages. The Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. incidence was inexpressive and the pathogenic test showed that these organisms were not able to cause lesions at any stage of the fruit development. Colletotrichum may infect mechanically injured beans, but this condition is not necessary for Fusarium or C. coffeicola infection. No treatment with fungicide or biological product reduced the percentage of fruits infected by Colletotrichum. The studied fungi were not able to infect the coffee cherries when the benomyl plus macozeb, cyproconazole plus copper hydroxide, fegatex and Bacillus licheniformis treatments were applied. These treatments, however, did not eliminate Fusarium sp. in flaccid fruits. The comparison of all the treatments applied in the field only, field plus masonry drying yard and masonry drying yard only indicated that the yard only treatments were superior for fungi control. Samples from the control plots in the experiments showed drink quality merit equal or superior to the other available treatments. They were classified as of Hard and Soft only drink types.
The occurrence of ‘Rio’ coffee drink is described in various regions of Brazil and the world. Lower prices are usually paid to this product type causing financial loss to the coffee farmer. Certain fungi are believed to be involved in the unwanted fermentation of coffee beans in certain environments, causing the occurrence of the Riado and Rio drink types. Several experiments were set up to investigate the behavior of the fungi involved in the loss of drink quality in the Zona da Mata region of Minas Gerais State. The objective was to assess incidence and to chemically and/or biologically control the microorganisms involved. The results showed that the most widespread fungi were Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Cercospora coffeicola and Cladosporium sp. Colletotrichum was detected at all development stages, while the highest incidence of Fusarium was in the flaccid cherries. The C. coffeicola and Cladosporium sp. fungi infection levels were considered low, with Cladosporium only occurring in the final maturity stages. The Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. incidence was inexpressive and the pathogenic test showed that these organisms were not able to cause lesions at any stage of the fruit development. Colletotrichum may infect mechanically injured beans, but this condition is not necessary for Fusarium or C. coffeicola infection. No treatment with fungicide or biological product reduced the percentage of fruits infected by Colletotrichum. The studied fungi were not able to infect the coffee cherries when the benomyl plus macozeb, cyproconazole plus copper hydroxide, fegatex and Bacillus licheniformis treatments were applied. These treatments, however, did not eliminate Fusarium sp. in flaccid fruits. The comparison of all the treatments applied in the field only, field plus masonry drying yard and masonry drying yard only indicated that the yard only treatments were superior for fungi control. Samples from the control plots in the experiments showed drink quality merit equal or superior to the other available treatments. They were classified as of Hard and Soft only drink types.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Qualidade Microorganismos Controle, Coffee quality Microrganisms control
Citação
Fernandes, Nilton Tapias. Incidência e controle de populações fúngicas associados à qualidade de bebida de café (Coffea arabica L.) na região da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. Viçosa : UFV, 2000. 64p. : il. (Dissertação - mestrado em Fitotecnia) Orientador: Laércio Zambolim. T 633.7394 F363i 2000