PLASTICIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE FOLHAS DE Coffea arabica L. EM RESPOSTA À IRRADIÂNCIA
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2009
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Resumo
Examinaram-se parâmetros morfológicos, fisiológicos e bioquímicos, em folhas do cafeeiro submetidas a diferentes níveis de irradiância (folhas que interceptaram, em média, ao longo do dia, 30, 75, 300 e 750 μmol fótons m-2 s-1, correspondendo aos tratamentos T 1 , T 2 , T 3 e T 4 , respectivamente). A taxa de assimilação líquida decresceu com a redução da disponibilidade de luz, de 7,2 para 2,3 μmol (CO 2 ) m-2 s-1, comparando-se as folhas de T 4 e T 1 . A irradiância de compensação foi, em média, 88% maior em T 3 e T 4 quando comparadas com as de T 1 e T 2 . A redução da concentração de clorofilas, nas folhas de T 4 em relação às folhas de T 1 , deve ter auxiliado na redução da absortância foliar e, reduzido a quantidade total de energia efetivamente absorvida pelos fotossistemas. As variações na taxa máxima de carboxilação limitada pela rubisco, taxa de carboxilação máxima limitada pelo transporte de elétrons e taxa de assimilação líquida de CO 2 sob alta concentração de CO 2 foram mínimas, ou mesmo inexistentes, entre as folhas dos tratamentos analisados. Os resultados sugerem que o cafeeiro apresenta algumas características fisiológicas com plasticidade fenotípica adequada para lhe permitir ajustar-se à disponibilidade de luz. Todavia, a capacidade de aclimatação à irradiância parece ocorrer às expensas de uma alocação ineficiente de recursos, como o nitrogênio.
physiological parameters were examined in coffee leaves from different canopy positions. Four classes of leaves were chosen based on the mean diurnal intercepted photosynthetically active radiation. These classes (treatments) comprised leaves intercepting 30, 75, 300, 750 μmol photons m-2 s-1, hereafter referred to T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , and T 4 , respectively. The net carbon assimilation rate decreased with decreasing light availability, from 7.2 (T 4 ) to 2.3 (T 1 ) μmol (CO 2 ) m-2 s-1. The compensating irradiance was on average 88% higher in T 3 and T 4 leaves as compared with T 1 and T 2 leaves. The smaller chlorophyll concentration in T 4 leaves relative to T 1 leaves should have led to a lower leaf absorptance and, thus, leading to reduced amount of energy actually absorbed by the photosystems. Changes in maximum rate of carboxylation limited by rubisco, in maximum rate of carboxylation limited by the electron transport and in net assimilation rate of CO 2 under elevated CO 2 were minimal, if any, amongst the leaves examined here. Results suggest that coffee leaves display some morphophysiological traits with adequate phenotypic plasticity allowing the coffee tree to adjust itself to the light availability. However, the capacity of acclimation to irradiance seems to occur at the expense of an inefficient allocation of resources, such as nitrogen.
physiological parameters were examined in coffee leaves from different canopy positions. Four classes of leaves were chosen based on the mean diurnal intercepted photosynthetically active radiation. These classes (treatments) comprised leaves intercepting 30, 75, 300, 750 μmol photons m-2 s-1, hereafter referred to T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , and T 4 , respectively. The net carbon assimilation rate decreased with decreasing light availability, from 7.2 (T 4 ) to 2.3 (T 1 ) μmol (CO 2 ) m-2 s-1. The compensating irradiance was on average 88% higher in T 3 and T 4 leaves as compared with T 1 and T 2 leaves. The smaller chlorophyll concentration in T 4 leaves relative to T 1 leaves should have led to a lower leaf absorptance and, thus, leading to reduced amount of energy actually absorbed by the photosystems. Changes in maximum rate of carboxylation limited by rubisco, in maximum rate of carboxylation limited by the electron transport and in net assimilation rate of CO 2 under elevated CO 2 were minimal, if any, amongst the leaves examined here. Results suggest that coffee leaves display some morphophysiological traits with adequate phenotypic plasticity allowing the coffee tree to adjust itself to the light availability. However, the capacity of acclimation to irradiance seems to occur at the expense of an inefficient allocation of resources, such as nitrogen.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (6. : 2009 : Vitória, ES). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011
Palavras-chave
Café, sombra, irradiância, Coffee, shade, radiation
Citação
Matos, Fábio Santos; Carretero, Diego Martins; Wolfgramm, Ricardo; Gonçalves, Fábio V.; Cavatte, Paulo C.; DaMatta, Fábio M.; Dias, Luiz Antônio dos Santos. Plasticidade fisiológica de folhas de Coffea arabica L. em resposta à irradiância. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos cafés do Brasil (6. : 2009 : Vitória, ES). Anais Brasília, D.F: Embrapa - Café, 2011 (1 CD-ROM), 6p.