Biometria e composição química de genótipos do café conilon irrigado no cerrado do Planalto Central do Distrito Federal
Data
2018-05
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Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária - Universidade de Brasília
Resumo
O Cerrado tem se mostrado uma região ideal para o cultivo de grandes culturas e propícia à cultura do café, por ser plano permitindo o uso de máquinas. O conilon é uma variedade botânica dentro da espécie Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner que tem limitação nas baixas temperaturas em áreas de maior altitude, porém, apresenta grande diversidade genética e adaptação. Seu cultivo vem surgindo como uma nova opção para os produtores de café na região do Cerrado, Contudo, ainda não existem (variedades/clones) comerciais de conilon com qualidade superior de bebida. Nesse contexto busca-se, encontrar genótipos de cafés conilon com grande potencial para produção e melhor qualidade de bebida no intuito de auxiliar a seleção de genótipos promissores para programas de melhoramento genético. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar morfoagronômica e quimicamente o Coffea canephora irrigado no Cerrado do Planalto Central no Distrito Federal da coleção de trabalho da Embrapa Cerrados, avaliando o desenvolvimento de planta dos 238 genótipos após serem recepados segundo altura do ramo ortotrópico, número de nós (número de ramos plagiotrópicos), diâmetro do ramo ortotrópico. Ainda, estimou-se o número de plantas mortas após recepa, em relação ao ciclo de maturação com base em três caracteres morfoagronômicos. Foram analisadas características químicas desejáveis para qualidade de bebida em 27 genótipos pré- selecionados por trabalhos anteriores. As avaliações foram realizadas nos anos de 2016 e 2017 no campo experimental da unidade da Embrapa Cerrados, em Planaltina, Distrito Federal, situado a 15o35’57’’ de latitude Sul, 47o42’38’’ de longitude Oeste e à altitude de 1.007 m, irrigada por pivô central, com espaçamento de 3,5 m entre linhas e 1,0 m entre plantas. Foram efetuadas análise de regressão linear para cada variável resposta no qual foi empregado o Método dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários e coeficientes de determinação das regressões e estatísticas aplicadas para avaliar o ajuste dos modelos das curvas das variáveis resposta. Foi realizada análise de componentes principais (ACP), a dispersão gráfica dos genótipos em relação aos dois primeiros componentes. Foi constatada variabilidade genética entre os genótipos, sendo que os genótipos CPAC 124 e CPAC 162 foram os que apresentaram maior dissimilaridade entre os 238 genótipos. As maiores taxas de crescimento foram obtidas pelos genótipos CPAC 17 e CPAC 161. Os experimentos laboratoriais foram realizados nos anos de 2017 e 2018 no Laboratório de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos da Embrapa Cerrados, utilizando os grãos crus advindos de frutos maduros de genótipos da coleção desta unidade da Embrapa. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância conjunta e foram estimados os parâmetros genéticos. Foi realizada a análise de componentes principais (ACP) a fim de agrupar os genótipos, utilizando método Ward a partir da ACP. Observaram-se diferenças significativas entre os genótipos para maioria das características químicas avaliadas, exceto ácido acético. Baixos valores de coeficiente de variação ambiental foram observados para a maioria das características, exceto ácido málico, indicando boa precisão experimental. A herdabilidade, coeficientes de variação genéticos e acurácia seletiva revelaram a possibilidade de obtenção de ganhos genéticos em trabalhos de seleção. Os genótipos CPAC 58 e CPAC 27, CPAC 33 e CPAC 37, CPAC 48 e CPAC 171 são os mais dissimilares entre si, indicando que o cruzamento entre eles pode proporcionar maior efeito heterótico e complementaridade sendo promissores para incremento da variabilidade genética.
The Cerrado has shown to be an ideal region for the cultivation of large crops and propitious to coffee cultivation, since it is a flat allowing and allowing the use of machines. The conilon is a botanical variety within the species Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner. which has a limitation in the low temperatures in areas of higher altitude, but its great genetic diversity and adaptation. Its cultivation has emerged as a new option for coffee producers in the Cerrado region. However, there are still no commercial varieties of conilon with superior quality of drink. In this context, it is sought to find genotypes of conilon coffees with great potential for production and better quality of drink in order to assist the selection of promising genotypes for breeding programs. In this sense, the objective of this work was to characterize morphologically and chemically the Coffea canephora irrigated in the Cerrado of the Central Plateau in the Federal District of the Embrapa Cerrados work collection, evaluating the plant development of the 238 accessions after being received according to height of the orthotropic branch, number (number of plagiotropic branches), diameter of the orthotropic branch, it was also estimated the number of dead plants after collection, in relation to the maturation cycle based on three morphoagronomic characters. Desirable chemical characteristics for beverage quality were analyzed in 27 genotypes pre-selected by previous studies. The evaluations were carried out in 2016 and 2017 in the experimental field of the Embrapa Cerrados unit in Planaltina, Federal District, at 15o35'57 '' south latitude, 47o42'38 "W, and at an altitude of 1,007 m, irrigated by central pivot, with spacing of 3.5 m between rows and 1.0 m between plants. Linear regression analysis was performed for each response variable in which the Ordinary Least Squares Method and regression determination coefficients and applied statistics were used to evaluate the fit of the response curve curves models. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed, the graphical dispersion of the accesses in relation to the first two components. Genetic variability was observed among the accessions, with CPAC 124 and CPAC 162 being the most dissimilar among the 238 genotypes. The highest growth rates were obtained by genotypes CPAC 17 and CPAC 161. Laboratory experiments were carried out in the years 2017 and 2018 in the Laboratory of Science and Technology of Food of Embrapa Cerrados, using the raw grapes coming from mature fruits of genotypes of the collection of this unit of Embrapa. The obtained data were submitted to analysis of joint variance and the genetic parameters were estimated. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to group the genotypes using the Ward method from the ACP. Significant differences were observed between genotypes for most of the chemical characteristics evaluated, except acetic acid. Low coefficient of environmental variation values were observed for most of the characteristics except malic acid, indicating good experimental accuracy. Heritability, genetic variation coefficients and selective accuracy revealed the possibility of obtaining genetic gains in selection work. The genotypes CPAC 58 and CPAC 27, CPAC 33 and CPAC 37, CPAC 48 and CPAC 171 are the most dissimilar among them, indicating that the cross between them can provide greater heterotrophic effect and complementarity being promising for increased genetic variability.
The Cerrado has shown to be an ideal region for the cultivation of large crops and propitious to coffee cultivation, since it is a flat allowing and allowing the use of machines. The conilon is a botanical variety within the species Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner. which has a limitation in the low temperatures in areas of higher altitude, but its great genetic diversity and adaptation. Its cultivation has emerged as a new option for coffee producers in the Cerrado region. However, there are still no commercial varieties of conilon with superior quality of drink. In this context, it is sought to find genotypes of conilon coffees with great potential for production and better quality of drink in order to assist the selection of promising genotypes for breeding programs. In this sense, the objective of this work was to characterize morphologically and chemically the Coffea canephora irrigated in the Cerrado of the Central Plateau in the Federal District of the Embrapa Cerrados work collection, evaluating the plant development of the 238 accessions after being received according to height of the orthotropic branch, number (number of plagiotropic branches), diameter of the orthotropic branch, it was also estimated the number of dead plants after collection, in relation to the maturation cycle based on three morphoagronomic characters. Desirable chemical characteristics for beverage quality were analyzed in 27 genotypes pre-selected by previous studies. The evaluations were carried out in 2016 and 2017 in the experimental field of the Embrapa Cerrados unit in Planaltina, Federal District, at 15o35'57 '' south latitude, 47o42'38 "W, and at an altitude of 1,007 m, irrigated by central pivot, with spacing of 3.5 m between rows and 1.0 m between plants. Linear regression analysis was performed for each response variable in which the Ordinary Least Squares Method and regression determination coefficients and applied statistics were used to evaluate the fit of the response curve curves models. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed, the graphical dispersion of the accesses in relation to the first two components. Genetic variability was observed among the accessions, with CPAC 124 and CPAC 162 being the most dissimilar among the 238 genotypes. The highest growth rates were obtained by genotypes CPAC 17 and CPAC 161. Laboratory experiments were carried out in the years 2017 and 2018 in the Laboratory of Science and Technology of Food of Embrapa Cerrados, using the raw grapes coming from mature fruits of genotypes of the collection of this unit of Embrapa. The obtained data were submitted to analysis of joint variance and the genetic parameters were estimated. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out to group the genotypes using the Ward method from the ACP. Significant differences were observed between genotypes for most of the chemical characteristics evaluated, except acetic acid. Low coefficient of environmental variation values were observed for most of the characteristics except malic acid, indicating good experimental accuracy. Heritability, genetic variation coefficients and selective accuracy revealed the possibility of obtaining genetic gains in selection work. The genotypes CPAC 58 and CPAC 27, CPAC 33 and CPAC 37, CPAC 48 and CPAC 171 are the most dissimilar among them, indicating that the cross between them can provide greater heterotrophic effect and complementarity being promising for increased genetic variability.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado defendida na Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária - Universidade de Brasília.
Palavras-chave
Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner, Diversidade genética, Qualidade química, Herdabilidade, Parâmetro genético, Recepa
Citação
SALA, P. Q. I. L. Biometria e composição química de genótipos do café conilon irrigado no cerrado do Planalto Central do Distrito Federal. 2018. 62 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia) - Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília. 2018.