Análise da viabilidade técnica e econômica de armazenagem, a granel, de café beneficiado em silo metálico modular
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Data
2001
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Analisou-se a qualidade dos grãos de café beneficiado, armazenados a granel em silos sem e com aeração, e em sacos de juta, a viabilidade técnica econômica da armazenagem e, as pressões verticais e horizontais durante o descarregamento e carregamento do silo. No primeiro experimento foi avaliado as possíveis alterações nas propriedades físicas e químicas durante o armazenamento, em dois diferentes sistemas de armazenagem e em saco de juta. As propriedades físicas avaliadas foram, teor de umidade pelo método padrão de estufa a 105ºC durante 24 horas, e a massa específica aparente por meio de uma balança de peso hectolítrico, com capacidade para um quarto de litro. As propriedades químicas analisadas foram a atividade da polifenoloxidase, os compostos fenólicos, a acidez titulável, os açúcares totais, redutores e não redutores e lixiviação de potássio foram determinados segundo a metodologia proposta pela literatura e normas técnicas. O índice de coloração foi obtido pela leitura da densidade ótica em espectofotômetro a 425mm. A avaliação da qualidade do café quanto à bebida, aspecto e tipo foram avaliadas por três equipes de provadores de localidades diferentes. No segundo experimento efetuou-se uma análise comparativa dos custos entre os sistemas de armazenagem a granel do café beneficiado. Verificou-se a viabilidade técnica e econômica dos sistemas de armazenagem convencional, a armazenagem em silo, e aproveitamento do sistema convencional já existente em armazenagem em silo. Foram utilizadas duas análises de investimento e de custo, que proporcionaram elementos para uma avaliação detalhada dos aspectos econômicos dos sistemas de armazenagem. No terceiro experimento as deformações axiais foram medidas pelos “strain gages” instalados na superfície das paredes do silo, e pela lei de Hook determinou-se as pressões experimentais. As pressões calculadas foram obtidas por equações, com os coeficientes K igual a 0,5, e o coeficiente grão parede,µ’ igual a 0,3, conforme recomendado pela ASAE Standard EP 433.1 1991, e o coeficiente de atrito grão parede, µ’ igual 0,25, e o coeficiente k igual a 0,36, e a massa específica p igual a 600kg/m3, determinado para os grãos de café beneficiado. Concluiu-se que houve variação e aumento do teor de umidade em todos os sistemas de armazenagem, e apesar das variações ocorridas, durante o armazenamento nos valores médios dos compostos químicos analisados, observou-se que não houve redução da qualidade do grão de café beneficiado, armazenado em silos sem e com aeração e em sacos de juta. Quanto à bebida, aspecto e tipo dos grãos de café, houve variação na classificação entre as equipes de provadores de diferentes localidades. As análises de investimento e custo mostraram retorno financeiro para os três sistemas de armazenagem analisados. Porém, o melhor sistema, em termos financeiros e econômicos, é o sistema de armazenagem em silo, pois este apresentou maiores indicadores de rentabilidade. As pressões de carregamento e descarregamento, obtidas experimentalmente, apresentaram variabilidade entre os valores registrados nas quatro profundidades, e numa mesma profundidade, esta variabilidade, pode ter sido causada pelo tipo de estrutura, em que foi construído o silo.
The quality of the green coffee grains, which were bulk bind with and without aeration and in jute sacks, was analyzed, as well as the economic technical viability of the storage and the vertical and horizontal pressures during emptying and filling of the bin. In the first experiment, the possible changes in the physical and chemical properties during storage were evaluated in jute sacks, as well as under two different storage systems. The appraised physical properties were the moisture content by the standard method of the oven at 105ºC for 24 hours, and the apparent specific mass by using an hectolitric weight scale with capacity for a liter-quarter. The chemical analyzed properties were: the polyphenoloxidase activity, the phenolic compounds, the total titulable acidity, the total reducer and non-reducer sugars, and potassium leaching. These chemical compounds were determined according to the methodology proposed by literature and listed on technical norms. The colorimetric index was obtained by reading the optic density in a spectophotometer at 425mm. The evaluation of the coffee quality relatively to beverage, aspect and type were performed by three prover teams from different places. In the second experiment, a comparative analysis of the costs was performed among the bulk storage systems of the green coffee, where the technical and economic viability of the conventional storage system and bin storage system, as well as the use of the conventional system already existent for bin were verified. The investment and cost analyses were carried out, so providing elements for a detailed evaluation of the economic aspects of the storage systems. In the third experiment, the axial deformations were measured by strain gages installed on the bin wall surfaces, and the experimental pressures were determined by Hook's law. The calculated pressures were obtained using by equations, with K coefficient of 0.5, the grain/wall friction coefficient (µ') equal to 0.3 as recommended by Standard ASAE EP 433.1 1991, and the grain/wall friction coefficient (µ') equal to 0.25, the k coefficient equal to 0.36, and the specific mass (p) equal to 600kg/m 3 , that were determined for green coffee grains. It was observed that the moisture content varied and increased in all storage systems. In spite of the variations occurring over storage in the average values of the chemical analyzed compounds, it was also observed that there was no reduction in quality of the green coffee grain stored in the bins with and without aeration and the jute sacks. In relation to the beverage, aspect and type of the coffee grains, a variation occurred for classification among the teams of provers from different places. The investment and cost analyses showed financial return for all analyzed storage systems. However, the best financial and economic system was the bin system since, since it presented the highest profitability indicators. The loading and unloading pressures presented variability among the values registered at the four depths and at the same depth. This variability might be caused because the structure type with which the bin was built.
The quality of the green coffee grains, which were bulk bind with and without aeration and in jute sacks, was analyzed, as well as the economic technical viability of the storage and the vertical and horizontal pressures during emptying and filling of the bin. In the first experiment, the possible changes in the physical and chemical properties during storage were evaluated in jute sacks, as well as under two different storage systems. The appraised physical properties were the moisture content by the standard method of the oven at 105ºC for 24 hours, and the apparent specific mass by using an hectolitric weight scale with capacity for a liter-quarter. The chemical analyzed properties were: the polyphenoloxidase activity, the phenolic compounds, the total titulable acidity, the total reducer and non-reducer sugars, and potassium leaching. These chemical compounds were determined according to the methodology proposed by literature and listed on technical norms. The colorimetric index was obtained by reading the optic density in a spectophotometer at 425mm. The evaluation of the coffee quality relatively to beverage, aspect and type were performed by three prover teams from different places. In the second experiment, a comparative analysis of the costs was performed among the bulk storage systems of the green coffee, where the technical and economic viability of the conventional storage system and bin storage system, as well as the use of the conventional system already existent for bin were verified. The investment and cost analyses were carried out, so providing elements for a detailed evaluation of the economic aspects of the storage systems. In the third experiment, the axial deformations were measured by strain gages installed on the bin wall surfaces, and the experimental pressures were determined by Hook's law. The calculated pressures were obtained using by equations, with K coefficient of 0.5, the grain/wall friction coefficient (µ') equal to 0.3 as recommended by Standard ASAE EP 433.1 1991, and the grain/wall friction coefficient (µ') equal to 0.25, the k coefficient equal to 0.36, and the specific mass (p) equal to 600kg/m 3 , that were determined for green coffee grains. It was observed that the moisture content varied and increased in all storage systems. In spite of the variations occurring over storage in the average values of the chemical analyzed compounds, it was also observed that there was no reduction in quality of the green coffee grain stored in the bins with and without aeration and the jute sacks. In relation to the beverage, aspect and type of the coffee grains, a variation occurred for classification among the teams of provers from different places. The investment and cost analyses showed financial return for all analyzed storage systems. However, the best financial and economic system was the bin system since, since it presented the highest profitability indicators. The loading and unloading pressures presented variability among the values registered at the four depths and at the same depth. This variability might be caused because the structure type with which the bin was built.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Beneficiamento Armazenamento a granel Análise química Análise econômica Silo metálico modular Efeito da pressão vertical e horizontal Efeito da carga e descarga, Coffee Processing Bulk storage Chemical analysis Economic analysis Modular metallic bin
Citação
Vieira, Gilmar. Análise da viabilidade técnica e econômica de armazenagem, a granel, de café beneficiado em silo metálico modular. Viçosa : UFV, 2001. 136p. : il. (Tese - Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola) Orientador: Jadir Nogueira da Silva T 633.7368 V657a 2001