Manejo e análise técnica dos sistemas de irrigação do cafeeiro na região oeste da Bahia
Arquivos
Data
2005
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O presente trabalho foi dividido em dois estudos. O primeiro teve como objetivo a avaliação da uniformidade de aplicação de 27 sistemas de irrigação, sendo sete por gotejamento e 20 por pivô central, localizados em 12 propriedades de cafeicultores distribuídas em três municípios da região oeste da Bahia. Dos 20 sistemas de irrigação por pivô central avaliados, 11 foram pivôs equipados com emissores do tipo "Low Energy Precision Application" (LEPA), cinco com emissores alternativos e quatro eram pivôs centrais convencionais. Determinaram-se o Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC) e o Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Distribuição (CUD) de cada sistema. Dos pivôs centrais avaliados, apenas dois (10%) apresentaram valores de CUC abaixo de 80%, considerados inadequados. Dos sete sistemas de irrigação localizada por gotejamento avaliados, apenas um exibiu valor de CUD considerado inaceitável. O valor médio de CUD encontrado, durante as avaliações, no sistema de irrigação por pivô central equipado com emissores LEPA foi superior ao valor apresentado pelo sistema de gotejamento. Os pivôs centrais de aplicação localizada (LEPA e alternativos) apresentaram valores de uniformidade superiores aos dos pivôs centrais convencionais. Verificou-se que é necessária a avaliação (coleta de vazão) de pelo menos 25% dos emissores para caracterização adequada da uniformidade de aplicação de água. O segundo estudo foi conduzido no período de setembro a novembro de 2003, na Fazenda Lagoa do Oeste, município de Barreiras, BA, com o objetivo de comparar o manejo da irrigação baseado nas informações meteorológicas, utilizando-se o programa computacional Irriga-Gesai, com um método de estimativa da umidade do solo em condições de pivô central e gotejamento. O programa Irriga-Gesai apresentou-se como uma boa alternativa ao manejo diário das irrigações, gerando resultados satisfatórios das estimativas das umidades do solo, nas condições de clima e solo da região.
The present work was divided in two studies. The first one had as objective the evaluation of the uniformity of application of twenty and seven systems of irrigation, being seven for drip and twenty for center pivot irrigation, located in twelve farms distributed in three cities of the region West of the Bahia. Of the twenty systems of irrigation for center pivot evaluated, eleven had been pivots equipped with emitters of the type "Low Energy Precision Application" (LEPA), five with alternative emitter and four were center pivots conventional. Determined the coefficient of uniformity of Christiansen (CUC) and the coefficient of uniformity of distribution (CUD) of each system. Of the evaluated center pivot, only two (10%), had presented values of CUC below of 80%, considered inadequate. Of the seven systems of drip irrigation, only one presented considered value of CUD unacceptable. The average value of CUD found, during the evaluations, in the system of irrigation for equipped central pivot with emitters LEPA was superior to the value presented for the drip system. The center pivots offices of located application (alternative and LEPA) had presented superior values of uniformity to the center pivots conventional. It was verified that the evaluation (outflow collection) of at least 25% of the emitters for adequate characterization of the uniformity of water application is necessary. The second study it was lead, in the period of September the November of 2003, in the Farm Lagoa do Oeste, city of Barreiras, BA, with the objective to compare the water management of irrigation based on the meteorological information, using the software Irriga-Gesai, with a method of estimate the soil humidity in conditions of center pivot and drip. The software Irriga-Gesai was presented as a good alternative to the daily water management of irrigation, generating resulted satisfactory of the estimates the soil humidity, in the conditions of climate and ground of the region.
The present work was divided in two studies. The first one had as objective the evaluation of the uniformity of application of twenty and seven systems of irrigation, being seven for drip and twenty for center pivot irrigation, located in twelve farms distributed in three cities of the region West of the Bahia. Of the twenty systems of irrigation for center pivot evaluated, eleven had been pivots equipped with emitters of the type "Low Energy Precision Application" (LEPA), five with alternative emitter and four were center pivots conventional. Determined the coefficient of uniformity of Christiansen (CUC) and the coefficient of uniformity of distribution (CUD) of each system. Of the evaluated center pivot, only two (10%), had presented values of CUC below of 80%, considered inadequate. Of the seven systems of drip irrigation, only one presented considered value of CUD unacceptable. The average value of CUD found, during the evaluations, in the system of irrigation for equipped central pivot with emitters LEPA was superior to the value presented for the drip system. The center pivots offices of located application (alternative and LEPA) had presented superior values of uniformity to the center pivots conventional. It was verified that the evaluation (outflow collection) of at least 25% of the emitters for adequate characterization of the uniformity of water application is necessary. The second study it was lead, in the period of September the November of 2003, in the Farm Lagoa do Oeste, city of Barreiras, BA, with the objective to compare the water management of irrigation based on the meteorological information, using the software Irriga-Gesai, with a method of estimate the soil humidity in conditions of center pivot and drip. The software Irriga-Gesai was presented as a good alternative to the daily water management of irrigation, generating resulted satisfactory of the estimates the soil humidity, in the conditions of climate and ground of the region.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Irrigação por gotejamento Irrigação por aspersores Água Distribuição IRRIGA (Programa de computador), Coffee Drip irrigation Center pivot irrigation Water distribution IRRIGA (Software)
Citação
Vicente, Marcelo Rossi. Manejo e análise técnica dos sistemas de irrigação do cafeeiro na região oeste da Bahia. Viçosa : UFV, 2005. 70p. : il. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Agrícola). Orientador: Everardo Chartuni Mantovani. T 631.587 V632m 2005