Análise da aplicação de casca de café nas propriedades de tijolos de solo-cimento
Data
2017-03-17
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
A preocupação com a sustentabilidade é uma vertente que, atualmente, atinge todos os setores de produção, inclusive, a construção civil, que faz crescer a busca por materiais que provoquem menos impactos ambientais em sua fabricação. Nesse contexto, o tijolo de solo-cimento feito, a partir de uma mistura homogeneizada de solo, cimento e água, apresenta-se como uma alternativa, uma vez que não exige queima em forno à lenha, evitando desmatamentos e a poluição do ar. Existe, ainda, a possibilidade de aproveitamento de resíduos agrícolas em sua fabricação, contribuindo, assim, para diminuir o descarte inadequado desses materiais na natureza. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos da incorporação de partículas de casca de café (Coffea arabica L.), em substituição parcial ao cimento, sobre as propriedades físicas, mecânicas e térmicas de tijolos de solo-cimento, em diferentes idades. Na produção dos tijolos, foi utilizado solo, que, por suas características inicias, necessitou de correção granulométrica com areia, cimento Portland do tipo CP II F-32 e partículas de casca de café. Definido o percentual inicial de cimento na mistura em 10%, foram inseridos percentuais de casca de café, em relação ao cimento, iguais a 5%, 10%, 15% e 20%. Os tijolos foram submetidos aos ensaios de absorção, compressão simples, nas idades de 14, 28 e 56 dias, isolamento térmico, aos 28 dias e durabilidade aos 56 dias. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a substituição parcial do cimento por casca de café teve efeito significativo nas propriedades, conforme o aumento no teor de casca, maiores foram os valores obtidos, para absorção de água, variação de volume e perda de massa no ensaio de durabilidade, ao passo que menores foram os resultados da resistência à compressão e massa específica aparente seca. A interação entre o teor de casca e a idade dos corpos de prova foi significativa apenas para a variável resistência à compressão. A condutividade térmica não foi influenciada pelo acréscimo de resíduo vegetal, porém o valor encontrado foi inferior ao determinado pela NBR 15220-2 (ABNT, 2005b), o que evidencia o potencial isolante do tijolo desenvolvido. Apenas o tratamento com 0% de casca de café, aos 56 dias de idade, conseguiu atingir a resistência mínima de 2MPa, assim como absorção de água abaixo de 20%, requisitos da NBR 8491 (ABNT, 2012a). De um modo geral, pode-se concluir que a substituição de cimento por casca de café, da maneira como foi concebida neste trabalho, não apresentou resultados satisfatórios perante os requisitos normativos, entretanto não se pode descartar a possibilidade de emprego desse resíduo, em misturas de solo-cimento, uma vez que outras variáveis interferiram na qualidade do material. Aconselha-se que novos estudos sejam desenvolvidos buscando otimizar o processo de produção bem como melhorar a compatibilidade entre a matéria vegetal e o cimento.
The concern with sustainability is an aspect that currently reaches all production sectors, including that of civil construction, which demands materials that cause less environmental impacts in its fabrication. In this context, the soil-cement brick, made from a homogeneous mixture of soil, cement and water, is an alternative given that it does not demand burning in firewood oven, avoiding deforestation and air pollution. There is also the possibility of using agricultural waste in its fabrication, thus contributing to decrease the inadequate disposal of these materials. This work aimed at studying the effects of incorporating particles of coffee peel (Coffea arabica L.), in different ages, in partial substitution of cement over the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the soil-cement. For the production of the bricks, we used type CP II F-32 Portland cement, particles of coffee peel and soil, which, due to its initial characteristics, demanded particle correction with sand. With the definition of initial percentage of cement in the mixture at 10%, the percentages of coffee peel in relation to cement were of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The bricks submitted to absorption, simple compression (at ages of 4, 28 and 56 days), thermal isolation (at 28 days) and durability (at 56 days) trials. The results showed that the partial substitution of cement for coffee peel presented significant effect over the properties, which, with the increase in coffee peel content, the values obtained for water absorption, variation of volume and loss of mass in the durability trial increased, while resistance to compression and apparent specific dry mass decreased. The interaction between the content of peel and the age of the samples was significant only for the variable resistance to compression. The thermal conductivity was not influenced by the increase in plant residue. However, the value found was inferior to that determined by the NBR 15220-2 (ABNT, 2005), which demonstrates the isolating potential of the brick. Only the treatment with 0% of coffee peel at 56 days of age reached the minimum resistance of 2MPa, as occurred with water absorption at 20%, requisites of NBR 8491 (ABNT, 2012). In general, we conclude that the substitution of cement for coffee peel, in the manner done in this work, presented no significant results regarding the normative requisites. However, the possibility of employing this waste in soil-cement mixtures cannot be disposed of, given that other variables interfered in the quality of the material. Further studies must be developed seeking to optimize the production process and to improve the compatibility between the plant material and the cement.
The concern with sustainability is an aspect that currently reaches all production sectors, including that of civil construction, which demands materials that cause less environmental impacts in its fabrication. In this context, the soil-cement brick, made from a homogeneous mixture of soil, cement and water, is an alternative given that it does not demand burning in firewood oven, avoiding deforestation and air pollution. There is also the possibility of using agricultural waste in its fabrication, thus contributing to decrease the inadequate disposal of these materials. This work aimed at studying the effects of incorporating particles of coffee peel (Coffea arabica L.), in different ages, in partial substitution of cement over the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the soil-cement. For the production of the bricks, we used type CP II F-32 Portland cement, particles of coffee peel and soil, which, due to its initial characteristics, demanded particle correction with sand. With the definition of initial percentage of cement in the mixture at 10%, the percentages of coffee peel in relation to cement were of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. The bricks submitted to absorption, simple compression (at ages of 4, 28 and 56 days), thermal isolation (at 28 days) and durability (at 56 days) trials. The results showed that the partial substitution of cement for coffee peel presented significant effect over the properties, which, with the increase in coffee peel content, the values obtained for water absorption, variation of volume and loss of mass in the durability trial increased, while resistance to compression and apparent specific dry mass decreased. The interaction between the content of peel and the age of the samples was significant only for the variable resistance to compression. The thermal conductivity was not influenced by the increase in plant residue. However, the value found was inferior to that determined by the NBR 15220-2 (ABNT, 2005), which demonstrates the isolating potential of the brick. Only the treatment with 0% of coffee peel at 56 days of age reached the minimum resistance of 2MPa, as occurred with water absorption at 20%, requisites of NBR 8491 (ABNT, 2012). In general, we conclude that the substitution of cement for coffee peel, in the manner done in this work, presented no significant results regarding the normative requisites. However, the possibility of employing this waste in soil-cement mixtures cannot be disposed of, given that other variables interfered in the quality of the material. Further studies must be developed seeking to optimize the production process and to improve the compatibility between the plant material and the cement.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Solo-cimento, Resíduo vegetal, Isolamento térmico
Citação
CASTRO, E. D. Análise da aplicação de casca de café nas propriedades de tijolos de solo-cimento. 2017. 113 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Biomateriais) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2017.