Evapotranspiração e coeficientes de cultura em cafezal adensado
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Data
2005
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Resumo
Mediu-se a evapotranspiração máxima (ET) de uma cultura de café irrigada por gotejamento (Coffea arabica L.), com 5 anos, utilizando o método do balanço de energia-Razão de Bowen. A transpiração da cultura (T) foi determinada pela medida do fluxo de seiva com o método do balanço de calor no caule. As necessidades hídricas da cultura foram determinadas pela comparação entre (T) e (ET) com a evapotranspiração de referência calculada pelo método de Penman-Monteith (ETo)e as relações obtidas foram expressas na forma das razões ET/ETo (Kc) e T/ETo (Kcb). Analisou-se a influência da vegetação da entrelinha sobre ET pois as medidas foram feitas numa época de transição entre um período seco e outro úmido, quando a vegetação cobria a entrelinha da cultura. O valor médio Kc foi igual a 1,00. O forte acoplamento entre o cafezal e a atmosfera e a alta sensibilidade dos cafeeiros ao déficit de pressão de vapor e à temperatura foliar elevados explicaram a variação de Kcb com o aumento de ETo. Kcb foi igual a 0,67 quando ETo superou 4 mm dia-1, e baixou para 1,27 quando ETo foi menor que 2 mm dia-1. Quando a vegetação não ocupava a entrelinha, T representou 87% de ET e, no período chuvoso, quando a vegetação intercalar estava desenvolvida, T representou 68% de ET.
Crop evapotranspiration (ET) was measured as evaporative heat flux from a drip-irrigated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantation with 5-year-old trees using the Bowen ratio-energy balance technique. Crop transpiration (T) was determined with the stem heat balance method. Irrigation requirements were determined by comparing the ET and T with reference evapotranspiration (ETo) derived from Penman-Monteith equation and expressed as the ET/ETo (Kc) and T/ETo (Kcb) ratios. It was analyzed the influence of interrow vegetation on the ET, since the measurements were taken in a period of transition between dry-wet seasons. The average Kc obtained was 1.00. The strong coupling of coffee plants and atmosphere, high sensibility of coffee plants to high vapour pressure deficits and high air/leaf temperatures have caused a variation of Kcb in relation to ETo. It was observed that Kcb ranged from 0.67, when ETo is higher than 4 mm d-1, to 1.27 when ETo is lower than 2 mm d-1. When vegetation did not occupy the interrow ground spaces, T represented in about 0.87ETc, but 0.68ETc when ground vegetation filled the interrow spaces.
Crop evapotranspiration (ET) was measured as evaporative heat flux from a drip-irrigated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plantation with 5-year-old trees using the Bowen ratio-energy balance technique. Crop transpiration (T) was determined with the stem heat balance method. Irrigation requirements were determined by comparing the ET and T with reference evapotranspiration (ETo) derived from Penman-Monteith equation and expressed as the ET/ETo (Kc) and T/ETo (Kcb) ratios. It was analyzed the influence of interrow vegetation on the ET, since the measurements were taken in a period of transition between dry-wet seasons. The average Kc obtained was 1.00. The strong coupling of coffee plants and atmosphere, high sensibility of coffee plants to high vapour pressure deficits and high air/leaf temperatures have caused a variation of Kcb in relation to ETo. It was observed that Kcb ranged from 0.67, when ETo is higher than 4 mm d-1, to 1.27 when ETo is lower than 2 mm d-1. When vegetation did not occupy the interrow ground spaces, T represented in about 0.87ETc, but 0.68ETc when ground vegetation filled the interrow spaces.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : 2005 : Londrina, PR). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2005.
Palavras-chave
Café adensado Transpiração Fator de acoplamento Cobertura descontínua do solo, Coffee Plant density Transpiration Decoupling factor Discontinuous ground cover
Citação
Marin, Fábio R.; Angelocci, Luiz R.; Righi, Evandro Z.; Sentelhas, Paulo C. Evapotranspiração e coeficientes de cultura em cafezal adensado. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : Londrina, PR : 2005). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa - Café, 2005. (1 CD-ROM), 6p.