Agrossilvicultura com eucalipto como alternativa para o desenvolvimento sustentável da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais
Data
2004-07-30
Autores
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma análise da viabilidade técnica, econômica, social e ambiental da agrossilvicultura com eucalipto como uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento sustentável da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. A partir de um levantamento de informações do estado da arte do conhecimento e da prática da agrossilvicultura com eucalipto na Zona da Mata Mineira e de uma caracterização das condições ambientais e do uso da terra na região, definiu-se um modelo de sistema agroflorestal com eucalipto para a Zona da Mata mineira, com uma descrição detalhada do sistema. Neste sentido, o sistema agroflorestal modelizado (pecuária leiteira em sistema silvipastoril) e os seus componentes em sistema de monocultivo foram comparados quanto ao ambiente, produtividade física, por meio do índice de equivalência de área (IEA), e viabilidade econômica, por meio de uma análise financeira utilizando métodos de avaliação de projetos, como: valor presente líquido (VPL), valor anual equivalente (VAE), valor esperado da terra (VET), razão benefício/custo (B/C) e a taxa interna de retorno (TIR). Para tanto, considerou-se no presente estudo três atividades distintas: Sistema I (reflorestamento com eucalipto), Sistema II (pecuária leiteira convencional) e o Sistema III (Sistema Silvipastoril – eucalipto + pecuária leiteira). Os custos e as receitas foram estimados em Reais/ha. Por meio dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que o IEA total foi de 1,93, sendo 0,8 para o reflorestamento e 1,13 para a pecuária leiteira. Deste modo, 1 ha de consórcio equivaleria, neste caso, a 1,93 ha distribuídos entre as monoculturas de pastagem e eucalipto, com um ganho de quase 100% em área. Para todos os métodos de análise financeira utilizados, os três sistemas avaliados são economicamente viáveis. O maior VPL foi obtido com o sistema III (R$16.302,54), seguido do sistema I (R$7.223,94) e sistema II (R$6.015,27). O Sistema I apresentou a maior relação benefício/custo (3,24) enquanto a menor ficou com o Sistema II (1,28). O VET (R$25.482,97) e o VAE (R$1.904,62) foram maiores para o Sistema III, seguido do Sistema I (VET = R$12.224,86 e VAE = R$843,97) e II (VET = R$10.456,87 e VAE = R$702,76). Das atividades analisadas o Sistema II apresentou o maior TIR (52%), seguido do Sistema III e I, 27,5% e 24,8% respectivamente. Concluiu-se que, diante da caracterização dos diferentes ambientes encontrados na Zona da Mata Mineira, os sistemas silvipastoris (eucalipto + pecuária leiteira) são técnica, econômica, social e ambientalmente viáveis, indicando que o sistema silvipastoril com eucalipto representa uma alternativa para o desenvolvimento sustentável da região.
The present work had as objective to do a viability analysis of technical, economical, social and environmental aspect of the agroforestry system by using eucalypt as an alternative for the sustainable development of the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais state. The data base used to do this work was set by putting together informations about the state of art of knowledge and practices about the agroforestry systems with eucalypt in the Zona da Mata mineira and by characterizing the environmental conditions and regional land use. This set of informations was used to define an agroforestry system model with eucalypt for the Zona da Mata mineira, by presenting a detailed description of the system, so that, the agroforestry system model proposed (livestock milk pan in silvipasture system) and their components in monocultural system were compared in relation to environment, physical productivity by using the equivalent index of area (IEA) and economical viability by using the financial analysis through the equivalent annual value (VAE), net present value (VPL), land expectation value (VET), benefit/cust ratio (B/C) and the internal rate of return (TIR), so that, it was considered at the present study three different activities: System I (Reforestation with eucalypt), System II (Livestock conventional milk pan) and the System III (Silvipasture system - Livestock milk pan + eucalyptus). The costs and revenue were estimated in R$/ha. By analyzing the results, it was verified that the IEA presented a total of 1.93, being 0.8 for the reforestation and 1.13 for the livestock milk pan. This way, 1 ha of consortium would be equivalent, in this case, to 1.93 ha distributed between the monoculture of pasture and of eucalypt with an earnings of almost 100% in area. For all the methods of financial analysis used the three appraised systems are economically viable. The largest VPL was obtained with the System III (R$16.302,54), followed by the System I (R$7.223,94) and System II (R$6.015,27). The System I presented the largest benefit/cust ratio (3,24), while the smallest ratio was with the System II (1,28). The VET (R$25.482,97) and VAE (R$1.904,62) were larger for the System III followed by the System I (VET = R$12.224,86 and VAE = R$843,97) and System II (VET = R$10.456,87 and VAE = R$702,76). Of the analyzed activities, the System II presented the largest TIR (52%), followed by the System III and I, 27,5% and 24,8% respectively. Due to the characterization of different environmental found at the Zona da Mata mineira, the silvipasture system (eucalypt + livestock milk pan) are technical, economical, social and environmentally viables, indicating that the silvipasture systems consortiated with eucalypt represents an alternative for sustainable development of this region.
The present work had as objective to do a viability analysis of technical, economical, social and environmental aspect of the agroforestry system by using eucalypt as an alternative for the sustainable development of the Zona da Mata of Minas Gerais state. The data base used to do this work was set by putting together informations about the state of art of knowledge and practices about the agroforestry systems with eucalypt in the Zona da Mata mineira and by characterizing the environmental conditions and regional land use. This set of informations was used to define an agroforestry system model with eucalypt for the Zona da Mata mineira, by presenting a detailed description of the system, so that, the agroforestry system model proposed (livestock milk pan in silvipasture system) and their components in monocultural system were compared in relation to environment, physical productivity by using the equivalent index of area (IEA) and economical viability by using the financial analysis through the equivalent annual value (VAE), net present value (VPL), land expectation value (VET), benefit/cust ratio (B/C) and the internal rate of return (TIR), so that, it was considered at the present study three different activities: System I (Reforestation with eucalypt), System II (Livestock conventional milk pan) and the System III (Silvipasture system - Livestock milk pan + eucalyptus). The costs and revenue were estimated in R$/ha. By analyzing the results, it was verified that the IEA presented a total of 1.93, being 0.8 for the reforestation and 1.13 for the livestock milk pan. This way, 1 ha of consortium would be equivalent, in this case, to 1.93 ha distributed between the monoculture of pasture and of eucalypt with an earnings of almost 100% in area. For all the methods of financial analysis used the three appraised systems are economically viable. The largest VPL was obtained with the System III (R$16.302,54), followed by the System I (R$7.223,94) and System II (R$6.015,27). The System I presented the largest benefit/cust ratio (3,24), while the smallest ratio was with the System II (1,28). The VET (R$25.482,97) and VAE (R$1.904,62) were larger for the System III followed by the System I (VET = R$12.224,86 and VAE = R$843,97) and System II (VET = R$10.456,87 and VAE = R$702,76). Of the analyzed activities, the System II presented the largest TIR (52%), followed by the System III and I, 27,5% and 24,8% respectively. Due to the characterization of different environmental found at the Zona da Mata mineira, the silvipasture system (eucalypt + livestock milk pan) are technical, economical, social and environmentally viables, indicating that the silvipasture systems consortiated with eucalypt represents an alternative for sustainable development of this region.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Palavras-chave
Agrossilvicultura - Mata, Zona da (MG) - Aspectos econômicos, Eucalipto - Aspectos econômicos, Leite - Produção - Mata, Zona da (MG), Refloresta- mento - Mata, Zona da (MG), Desenvolvimento sustentável
Citação
VALE, R. S. Agrossilvicultura com eucalipto como alternativa para o desenvolvimento sustentável da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais. 2004. 101 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciência Florestal) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. 2004.