Excesso de água em mudas de café (Coffea arabica L.) : efeitos fisiológicos e anatômicos
Data
2011-02-25
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O café vem sofrendo uma grande migração territorial no Brasil, sendo plantado em áreas até então consideradas impróprias à sua produção. Além da migração da área de plantio do café, vem ocorrendo mudanças climáticas nas áreas convencionais de plantio. A irrigação tem possibilitado a produção de café de qualidade em diferentes regiões. Entretanto com o aumento nas áreas de plantio irrigado, problemas relacionados ao excesso de irrigação e à falta do manejo adequado da mesma podem surgir. O excesso de água, decorrente de longos períodos de chuvas ou por irrigação mal planejada e/ou executada, podem contribuir para perdas significativas, seja ela na produção ou na qualidade da bebida do café. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação objetivou avaliar os efeitos fisiológicos, bioquímicos e anatômicos do excesso de água em mudas de duas cultivares comerciais de Coffea arabica L., Mundo Novo IAC 379-19 e Catuaí Vermelho IAC 44. Após aclimatação, as mudas contendo oito pares de folhas completamente expandidas, foram submetidas a três condições de disponibilidade de água no solo: capacidade de campo (CC), encharcamento intermitente (Int) e encharcamento contínuo (Cont). Os tratamentos foram conduzidos até cinco meses após aplicação das lâminas d’água. Foram realizadas análises de crescimento das plantas, trocas gasosas, e análises de massa seca de raiz e parte aérea, clorofilas e carotenóides, carboidratos, avaliações das raízes e avaliações anatômicas. As mudas de café arábicas suportam até oito semanas de encharcamento, entretanto esta tolerância não se relaciona à plasticidade morfoanatômica tanto das folhas quanto do caule e das raízes. Aos cinco meses plantas expostas ao encharcamento contínuo e intermitente apresentaram menor atividade carboxilativa.
The areas dedicated to coffee production have changed in Brazil, and nowadays cofee is been cultivated in lands that were previously considered inapropriate for this purpose. In addition to this migration phenomenon, a sort of climate change is occuring in some traditional growing areas. Irrigation has improved coffee production, however problems related to related the excess of irrigation and lack of management are also occuring in these areas. Water excess, which can be due the long period of rainfall or due to mistaken irrigation, i.e. lack of a correct planing or due to incorrect application, can contribute to significative losses, in production or on beverage coffee quality. In this context, the present dissertation aimed to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and anatomical effects of water excess in coffee seedlings from two cultivars of Coffea arabica L., i.e. Mundo Novo and Catuaí. After aclimatation, the seedlings containing eight pairs of fully expanded leaves were submitted to three conditions of water availability: field capacity (CC), intermittent flooding (Int) and continuous flooding (Cont). The treatments were evaluated until five months of the water levels application. Growth analysis, gas exchanges, chlorophylls, carotenoids and carbohydrates content in root and shoot dry matters, together with root evaluations and anatomical analysis were performed. Arabica cofee seedlings were able to survive until eight weeks of flooding, although this tolerance does not correlate with morpho-anatomic plasticity in leaves, shoot and roots. After five months of continuous and intermitent flooding seedlings showed lower carboxilative activity.
The areas dedicated to coffee production have changed in Brazil, and nowadays cofee is been cultivated in lands that were previously considered inapropriate for this purpose. In addition to this migration phenomenon, a sort of climate change is occuring in some traditional growing areas. Irrigation has improved coffee production, however problems related to related the excess of irrigation and lack of management are also occuring in these areas. Water excess, which can be due the long period of rainfall or due to mistaken irrigation, i.e. lack of a correct planing or due to incorrect application, can contribute to significative losses, in production or on beverage coffee quality. In this context, the present dissertation aimed to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and anatomical effects of water excess in coffee seedlings from two cultivars of Coffea arabica L., i.e. Mundo Novo and Catuaí. After aclimatation, the seedlings containing eight pairs of fully expanded leaves were submitted to three conditions of water availability: field capacity (CC), intermittent flooding (Int) and continuous flooding (Cont). The treatments were evaluated until five months of the water levels application. Growth analysis, gas exchanges, chlorophylls, carotenoids and carbohydrates content in root and shoot dry matters, together with root evaluations and anatomical analysis were performed. Arabica cofee seedlings were able to survive until eight weeks of flooding, although this tolerance does not correlate with morpho-anatomic plasticity in leaves, shoot and roots. After five months of continuous and intermitent flooding seedlings showed lower carboxilative activity.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Café Mundo Novo, Café Catuaí, Regimes hídricos, Encharcamento
Citação
SILVEIRA, H. R. O. Excesso de água em mudas de café (Coffea arabica L.): efeitos fisiológicos e anatômicos. 2011. 77 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Agronomia/Fisiologia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2011.