Comportamento ecofisiológico e produção do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) e da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Arg. Muell) em diferentes sistemas de cultivo em Varginha - MG
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Data
2002
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Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
O cultivo da seringueira em monocultivo ou consorciada com cafeeiro surge como alternativa promissora e um a opção para os cafeicultores. Porém, a climáticas e pelo sistema de cultivo adotado. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos das variações dos fatores do clima e dos diferentes sistemas de cultivo sobre a produção de borracha e de café e também sobre as trocas gasosas, eficiência fotoquímica do PS II (Fv/Fm) e anatomia foliar do cafeeiro, em seringueiras e cafeeiro em diferentes sistemas de cultivo. Foram estudados cinco sistemas de cultivo que consistiram os tratamentos a seguir: seringueira em monocultivo (S), cafeeiro em monocultivo (C), três fileiras de cafeeiros entre fileiras duplas de seringueiras (SSCCSS), uma fileira de cafeeiros a cada fileira de seringueira (SCS) e três plantas de café a cada plantas de seringueira na mesma fileira (SCSCS). A produção de borracha seca foi significativamente superior em "S", com as maiores médias nos meses de maior precipitação. As taxas fotossintéticas (A), condutância estomática (gs), transpiração (E), temperatura foliar e a razão Fv/Fm, avaliadas apenas em "S", foram maiores nos meses de maior precipitação. A produtividade do cafeeiro foi significativamente superior em "C", com maiores médias de frutos no estádio de maturação passa a menores médias no estádio cereja. As plantas dos sistemas "SSCCCSS", "SCS" e "SCSCS" apresentaram os menores valores de A, gs e E e maiores valores para a razão FV/Fm. As plantas de café em "C" apresentaram médias superiores de espessura dos parênquimas paliçádico e lacunoso, limbo foliar, além de maior média de estômatos e células por mm2 em relação aos demais sistemas de cultivo.
The culture of rubber tree in sole crop or rubber/coffee intercropping it appears as promising alternative and an option for the coffee planter, front to the constants variations of this product in the market. However the productivity of both cultures is strongly affects for the biophysical factors and for the system of adopted cultivation. In that context, the objective of this works was to evaluate the effects of different climatic conditions on the yield of dry rubber and of coffee and also on the gas exchanges and photochemical efficiency of the PS II (Fv/Fm) in both cultures in different cultivation systems. It was also evaluated the effect of the shading, provoked by the rubber trees, in the leaf anatomy of the coffee. For that, they were established five treatments: rubber in sole crop (S), coffee in sole crop (C), three coffee rows among double rows of rubber (SSCCSS), a coffee row to each rubber row (SCS) and three trees coffee to each rubber trees planted in the same row (SCSCS). The vield of dry rubber was higher significantly in S with the largest averages in the months of larger precipitation, in relation to the other systems. The photosynthetic rates (A), stomata conductance (gs), transpiration (E), leaf temperature and relation Fv/Fm, just evaluated in S, they were larger in the months of larger precipitation, indicating strong influence of the climatic conditions on the yield of the rubber. The coffee productivity was stadium and smaller averages in the cherry-colored stadium in relation to the other systems. The coffee plants of the systems SSCCCSS, SCS and SCSCS presented reduced rates of A, gs, E and increase in the relationship Fv/Fm. The coffee plants in C presented averages significantly higher of thickness of the palisade parenchyma and spongy, leaf blade, besides adult estomata average and cells for mm2 in relation to the systems SSCCCSS, SCS and SCSCS.
The culture of rubber tree in sole crop or rubber/coffee intercropping it appears as promising alternative and an option for the coffee planter, front to the constants variations of this product in the market. However the productivity of both cultures is strongly affects for the biophysical factors and for the system of adopted cultivation. In that context, the objective of this works was to evaluate the effects of different climatic conditions on the yield of dry rubber and of coffee and also on the gas exchanges and photochemical efficiency of the PS II (Fv/Fm) in both cultures in different cultivation systems. It was also evaluated the effect of the shading, provoked by the rubber trees, in the leaf anatomy of the coffee. For that, they were established five treatments: rubber in sole crop (S), coffee in sole crop (C), three coffee rows among double rows of rubber (SSCCSS), a coffee row to each rubber row (SCS) and three trees coffee to each rubber trees planted in the same row (SCSCS). The vield of dry rubber was higher significantly in S with the largest averages in the months of larger precipitation, in relation to the other systems. The photosynthetic rates (A), stomata conductance (gs), transpiration (E), leaf temperature and relation Fv/Fm, just evaluated in S, they were larger in the months of larger precipitation, indicating strong influence of the climatic conditions on the yield of the rubber. The coffee productivity was stadium and smaller averages in the cherry-colored stadium in relation to the other systems. The coffee plants of the systems SSCCCSS, SCS and SCSCS presented reduced rates of A, gs, E and increase in the relationship Fv/Fm. The coffee plants in C presented averages significantly higher of thickness of the palisade parenchyma and spongy, leaf blade, besides adult estomata average and cells for mm2 in relation to the systems SSCCCSS, SCS and SCSCS.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Café Seringueira Consorciação de cultura Sistemas agroflorestais Ecofisiologia vegetal Coffea arabica Hevea brasiliensis, Coffee Rubber tree Intercropping Agroforestry systems Plant Ecophysiology Coffea arabica Hevea brasiliensis
Citação
Nascimento, Erivaldo Alves do. Comportamento ecofisiológico e produção do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) e da seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Arg. Muell) em diferentes sistemas de cultivo em Varginha - MG. Lavras : UFLA, 2002. 76p. : il. (Dissertação - Mestrado em Agronomia, área de concentração: Fisiologia Vegetal). Orientador: Luiz Edson Mota de Oliveira. T 633.73 N244c 2002