Crescimento e composição mineral na parte aérea e nas raízes de duas variedades de café em resposta à calagem na subsuperfície do solo
Arquivos
Data
1997
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
Foram avaliados, em casa de vegetação, o crescimento e a aquisição de nutrientes por duas variedades de cafeeiros, uma sensível e outra tolerante ao alumínio (Al), (Catuaí e Icatu), em solo com calagem e fertilização na superfície e com sete doses de calcário na subsuperfície (0,0; 0,49; 1,7; 2,9; 4,1; 6,6; e 9,3 t/ha). Cultivaram-se as plantas até 6,5 meses de idade, em solo contido em colunas de PVC, subdivididas em três anéis. Nos dois anéis inferiores (12 a 34 cm de profundidade) as saturações de Al variaram de 93 a 0%. O peso da matéria seca da parte aérea, o comprimento de caule e a área foliar das duas variedades não foram alterados com a aplicação do calcário, evidenciando que a correção da camada superficial possibilitou o crescimento normal da parte aérea. Altas saturações de Al nos anéis inferiores não afetaram a produção de matéria seca total de raízes, mas alteraram a distribuição das raízes em profundidade. Altas saturações de Al propiciaram menores percentuais de peso de matéria seca, comprimento e superfície de raízes nos anéis inferiores, que foram compensados por maiores percentuais no anel superior. As relações comprimento/peso da matéria seca das raízes e superfície das raízes/peso da matéria seca das raízes da variedade Catuaí aumentaram com a aplicação de calcário ao solo dos anéis inferiores, evidenciando sua maior sensibilidade ao Al. O mesmo não ocorreu com a variedade Icatu, tolerante ao Al. A aplicação de calcário na subsuperfície aumentou os teores de Ca e Mg na parte aérea e nas raízes; aumentou o teor de P e diminuiu o de K nas folhas superiores em ambas as variedades; diminuiu a eficiência de utilização de Ca em ambas as variedades e de P na variedade Icatu; e promoveu o decréscimo no teor de Al na parte aérea da variedade Icatu e nas raízes da variedade Catuaí. Os teores de Ca, Mg, P, K, Mn, Zn, Cu e Fe das plantas mantiveram-se em níveis normais para ambas as variedades, indicando que a adubação e a correção da acidez da camada superficial do solo foram eficientes para manter a planta nutrida e o crescimento normal da parte aérea, independente do teor de alumínio na subsuperfície do solo.
The growth and the nutrient uptake of two varieties of coffee, na Al-sensible (Catuaí) and an Al-tolerant (Icatu), were evaluated in response to seven doses of lime applicated in the under layers of the soil (12 to 34 cm deep). The upper layers (0 - 12 cm deep) received lime and fertilizers according to technical recomendations to coffee. The plants of coffee were growth during 6,5 months in colunms of soil, contained in three connected cylinders of PVC (0-12 cm, 12-22 cm and 22-34 cm). The average level of Al saturation in the two under layers ranged of 93 to 0 % with the treatments. The dried weight of the shoots, the lenght of the stalks and the leaf area of both varieties were not significantly altered with the treatments, indicating that the fertilization of the upper layer of the soil could sustain normal growth of the shoot. The total dried weight of the roots was not affected by the high Al saturation in the under layers of the soil, contained in the two cylinders of the basis. However the high Al saturation in the under layers of the soil affected the root distribuition along the three PVC cylinders. There were decreases in the percents of dried matter, lenght and root surface allocated in the under layers of the soil when Al concentrations in these layers were increased. At the same time, there were corresponding increases of that characteristics in the upper layer of the soil. Root lenght/root dried matter and root surface/root dried matter relationships increased with the increase of under layers lime application to the sensible variety Catuaí, but did not show any change to the tolerant one Icatu. For both varieties, increases of lime doses applied to the under layers of the soil resulted in increases of Ca and Mg contents of shoot and roots; increases of P and decreases of the Ca utilization efficiency. For the Icatu variety increases of under layers liming results in decreases of the Al roots contents. Ca, Mg, P, K, Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe whole plant contents were mantained on normal levels, showing that the fertilization and the pH correction of the upper layer of the soil were enought to sustain the nutrition of the plants and the normal growth of the shoots.
The growth and the nutrient uptake of two varieties of coffee, na Al-sensible (Catuaí) and an Al-tolerant (Icatu), were evaluated in response to seven doses of lime applicated in the under layers of the soil (12 to 34 cm deep). The upper layers (0 - 12 cm deep) received lime and fertilizers according to technical recomendations to coffee. The plants of coffee were growth during 6,5 months in colunms of soil, contained in three connected cylinders of PVC (0-12 cm, 12-22 cm and 22-34 cm). The average level of Al saturation in the two under layers ranged of 93 to 0 % with the treatments. The dried weight of the shoots, the lenght of the stalks and the leaf area of both varieties were not significantly altered with the treatments, indicating that the fertilization of the upper layer of the soil could sustain normal growth of the shoot. The total dried weight of the roots was not affected by the high Al saturation in the under layers of the soil, contained in the two cylinders of the basis. However the high Al saturation in the under layers of the soil affected the root distribuition along the three PVC cylinders. There were decreases in the percents of dried matter, lenght and root surface allocated in the under layers of the soil when Al concentrations in these layers were increased. At the same time, there were corresponding increases of that characteristics in the upper layer of the soil. Root lenght/root dried matter and root surface/root dried matter relationships increased with the increase of under layers lime application to the sensible variety Catuaí, but did not show any change to the tolerant one Icatu. For both varieties, increases of lime doses applied to the under layers of the soil resulted in increases of Ca and Mg contents of shoot and roots; increases of P and decreases of the Ca utilization efficiency. For the Icatu variety increases of under layers liming results in decreases of the Al roots contents. Ca, Mg, P, K, Mn, Zn, Cu and Fe whole plant contents were mantained on normal levels, showing that the fertilization and the pH correction of the upper layer of the soil were enought to sustain the nutrition of the plants and the normal growth of the shoots.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Cafe Raizes Crescimento Tolerancia ao aluminio Calagem dos solos, Coffee Root Growth Nutrient uptake
Citação
Rodrigues, Luciana Aparecida. Crescimento e composição mineral na parte aérea e nas raízes de duas variedades de café em resposta à calagem na subsuperfície do solo. Viçosa : UFV, 1997. 89p. : il. (Dissertação - mestrado em Fitotecnia) Orientador: Herminia Emilia Prieto Martinez T 633.735 R696c 1997