Análise técnica e econômica da mecanização na cafeicultura
Data
2014-12-15
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Dentre as inúmeras atividades agrícolas, a cafeicultura gera lucros desde a época imperial do Brasil. Com a sua evolução para a escala industrial, a adoção de tecnologia se faz cada vez mais presente, a exemplo da mecanização, que atualmente, tornou-se realidade entre os cafeicultores. Inúmeras operações antes realizadas de forma manual passaram a ser mecanizadas, o que permitiu a redução de custos e aumento da praticidade das operações. Estudos relacionados ao melhor aproveitamento do maquinário agrícola utilizado na cafeicultura e seu desempenho operacional ainda são escassos. Existe uma dificuldade em utilizar parâmetros de desempenho adequados à cafeicultura, desde a implantação da cultura ate' as operações que compõem a colheita mecanizada, devido à diversidade de condições existentes em uma mesma lavoura, em função do porte das plantas, declividade e formato dos talhões, dentre outras características que influenciam diretamente no desempenho das máquinas utilizadas. O presente trabalho tem por objetivos avaliar e determinar parâmetros de desempenho operacional e a viabilidade técnica de diferentes operações mecanizadas realizadas na cultura do café, como o preparo de covas e transplantio semimecanizado, que compõem as operações de implantação da cultura, a adubação, aplicação de agroquímicos, manejo de plantas invasoras e poda que compõem as operações de tratos culturais, e a colheita mecanizada, varrição e recolhimento que constituem as operações de colheita do café. Diante do exposto, com relação à determinação e avaliação dos parâmetros de desempenho em máquinas convencionais utilizadas na cafeicultura, os resultados mostram que os parâmetros de desempenho apresentam alta correlação com a velocidade operacional dos conjuntos mecanizados. Na realização da análise técnica e econômica das diferentes operações mecanizadas do ciclo produtivo do café, o estudo mostra que as operações mecanizadas são viáveis, com exceção das operações de levantamento de “café de chão”. A disponibilidade de trabalho dos conjuntos mecanizados avaliados está relacionada com a maior quantidade de tempos perdidos com reparos e manutenção.
Among the numerous agricultural activities, coffee generates profit since the imperial period in Brazil. With its evolution to industrial scale, technology adoption is ever more present, such as in the use of mechanization, which currently became reality among coffee producers. Numerous operation, previously performed manually, became mechanized, enabling cost reduction and increase in the practicality of the operations. Studies regarding the better use of agricultural machinery used in coffee production and its operating performance are still scarce. There is difficulty in using performance parameters adequate for coffee culture, from the implementation of the culture to the operations of mechanized harvest, due to the diversity of conditions existent in a single crop, in function of the size of the plants, declivity and form of the plots, among other traits that directly influence machinery performance. The present study aims at evaluating and determining parameters for operating performance and technical feasibility of different mechanized operations performed on coffee culture, such as the preparation of hollows and semi-mechanized transplantation, which comprise the operations for implementing the culture, fertilization, application of agrochemicals, invasive plant management and pruning; and mechanized harvest, sweeping and gathering, which constitute coffee harvesting operations. In light of the exposed, regarding the determination and evaluation of the performance parameters in conventional machinery used in coffee culture, the results show that the performance parameters present high correlation with operational speed of the mechanized sets. In performing the technical and economic analysis of the different mechanized operations of the productive cycle, the study shows that the mechanized operations are feasible, with the exception of the “ground coffee” gathering operation. The availability of works of the mechanized sets evaluated is related to the higher amount of time lost with repairs and maintenance.
Among the numerous agricultural activities, coffee generates profit since the imperial period in Brazil. With its evolution to industrial scale, technology adoption is ever more present, such as in the use of mechanization, which currently became reality among coffee producers. Numerous operation, previously performed manually, became mechanized, enabling cost reduction and increase in the practicality of the operations. Studies regarding the better use of agricultural machinery used in coffee production and its operating performance are still scarce. There is difficulty in using performance parameters adequate for coffee culture, from the implementation of the culture to the operations of mechanized harvest, due to the diversity of conditions existent in a single crop, in function of the size of the plants, declivity and form of the plots, among other traits that directly influence machinery performance. The present study aims at evaluating and determining parameters for operating performance and technical feasibility of different mechanized operations performed on coffee culture, such as the preparation of hollows and semi-mechanized transplantation, which comprise the operations for implementing the culture, fertilization, application of agrochemicals, invasive plant management and pruning; and mechanized harvest, sweeping and gathering, which constitute coffee harvesting operations. In light of the exposed, regarding the determination and evaluation of the performance parameters in conventional machinery used in coffee culture, the results show that the performance parameters present high correlation with operational speed of the mechanized sets. In performing the technical and economic analysis of the different mechanized operations of the productive cycle, the study shows that the mechanized operations are feasible, with the exception of the “ground coffee” gathering operation. The availability of works of the mechanized sets evaluated is related to the higher amount of time lost with repairs and maintenance.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Desempenho operacional, Tempos e movimentos, Custos operacionais, Mecanização agrícola
Citação
CUNHA, J. P. B. Análise técnica e econômica da mecanização na cafeicultura. 2014. 102 f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Agrícola) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2014.