Beneficiamento de sementes de café arábica e efeitos na qualidade físiológica
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Data
2005
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Resumo
O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar os efeitos do beneficiamento na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de café arábica. Um lote de sementes de café Catuaí Amarelo foi submetido, de forma isolada ou em seqüência, à ação de máquina de pré-limpeza equipada com duas peneiras (26/64 e 9/64 x ¾ de polegada), de máquina de classificação equipada com cinco peneiras (15/64 x ¾, 22/64, 20/64, 13/64 x ¾ e 18/64 de polegada) e de mesa gravitacional com a região de descarga dividida em quatro seções (superior, intermediária-superior, intermediária-inferior e inferior). As sementes foram avaliadas quanto às suas características fisiológicas em laboratório através das determinações de germinação, primeira contagem da germinação e envelhecimento acelerado. Em casa de vegetação foram avaliadas a emergência, altura e massa seca da parte aérea de plântulas. Observou-se que: a) o beneficiamento de sementes de café em máquina de ar e peneiras e mesa gravitacional proporciona alterações favoráveis ao lote, onde as sementes de maior tamanho ou maior densidade apresentam desempenho fisiológico superior ao das sementes de menor tamanho ou menor densidade; b) a mesa gravitacional, isoladamente ou em associação com a máquina de ar e peneiras, proporciona ganhos qualitativos aos lotes de sementes de café, aprimorando a qualidade fisiológica; c) a mesa gravitacional foi melhor que a máquina de ar e peneiras para a separação de materiais que interferem negativamente na qualidade fisiológica das sementes; d) a qualidade das sementes pode ser aprimorada à medida que o lote passa por equipamentos específicos de beneficiamento, culminando com a máxima qualidade fisiológica na seqüência operacional completa (máquina de pré-limpeza + máquina de ar e peneiras + mesa gravitacional); e) a separação de sementes miúdas (peneira <18/64 de polegada) proporciona a obtenção de lotes uniformes e com boa qualidade fisiológica.
The objectives of this present research were obtained more suitable information concerning processing of arabic coffee seeds and to study the effects of the air-screen machine and gravity table on physiological seed quality. One coffee seed lot of the cultivar Catuaí Amarelo was processed, isolated or in an associated sequence, in a pre-cleaning machine with 26/64 and 9/64 x ¾ inch screens, in an air-screen machine furnished with round or oblong hole screens inserted in the following order, from top to bottom: 15/64 x ¾, 22/64, 20/64, 13/64 x ¾ and 18/64 inch, and in a gravity table working with the discharge edge divided into four fractions (upper, upper-intermediate, lower-intermediate and lower). The seeds were evaluated in the laboratory and in the green house as to their physiological quality (germination, first count of the germination, accelerated aged, seedlings emergence, seedlings height and dry matter weight of seedlings). It was observed that: a) coffee seed processing in air-screen machine and gravity table improve the physiological seed quality, where bigger and high density seeds are better than smaller and low density seeds; b) the gravity table, separately or in combination with the air-screen machine, provides gains to the physiological coffee seed quality; c) the gravity table was was better than air-screen machine to separate bad quality seeds from original lot; d) the quality was improved by processing coffee seed lot in a complete sequence (pre-cleaning + air-screen machine + gravity table); e) removing smaller seeds from lot improve the physiological coffee seed quality.
The objectives of this present research were obtained more suitable information concerning processing of arabic coffee seeds and to study the effects of the air-screen machine and gravity table on physiological seed quality. One coffee seed lot of the cultivar Catuaí Amarelo was processed, isolated or in an associated sequence, in a pre-cleaning machine with 26/64 and 9/64 x ¾ inch screens, in an air-screen machine furnished with round or oblong hole screens inserted in the following order, from top to bottom: 15/64 x ¾, 22/64, 20/64, 13/64 x ¾ and 18/64 inch, and in a gravity table working with the discharge edge divided into four fractions (upper, upper-intermediate, lower-intermediate and lower). The seeds were evaluated in the laboratory and in the green house as to their physiological quality (germination, first count of the germination, accelerated aged, seedlings emergence, seedlings height and dry matter weight of seedlings). It was observed that: a) coffee seed processing in air-screen machine and gravity table improve the physiological seed quality, where bigger and high density seeds are better than smaller and low density seeds; b) the gravity table, separately or in combination with the air-screen machine, provides gains to the physiological coffee seed quality; c) the gravity table was was better than air-screen machine to separate bad quality seeds from original lot; d) the quality was improved by processing coffee seed lot in a complete sequence (pre-cleaning + air-screen machine + gravity table); e) removing smaller seeds from lot improve the physiological coffee seed quality.
Descrição
Trabalho apresentado no Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : 2005 : Londrina, PR). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa Café, 2005.
Palavras-chave
Café Sementes Beneficiamento Qualidade fisiológica Germinação Vigor Coffea arabica, Coffee Seeds Processing Physiological quality Seed germination Vigor Coffea arabica
Citação
Giomo, Gerson Silva; Nakagawa, João; Gallo, Paulo Boller. Beneficiamento de sementes de café arábica e efeitos na qualidade físiológica. In: Simpósio de Pesquisa dos Cafés do Brasil (4. : Londrina, PR : 2005). Anais. Brasília, D.F. : Embrapa - Café, 2005. (1 CD-ROM), 5p.