Seleção, caracterização e tolerância diferencial à deficiência de zinco de progênies de cafeeiros (Coffea arabica L.).
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2004
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Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Neste trabalho estudou-se a influência do zinco no crescimento, na concentração de micronutrientes e nas características bioquímicas de progênies de cafeeiros, com o objetivo de avaliar a tolerância diferencial à deficiência de zinco, selecionar progênies eficientes nutricionalmente e estudar o requerimento de micronutrientes e as características bioquímicas dessas progênies. Para tanto, mudas de 14 progênies de cafeeiros foram submetidas a 0,0 e 3,0 mmol L -1 de zinco, em solução nutritiva, durante cinco meses, e 0,0 e 6,0 mmol L -1 de zinco, por mais cinco meses, devido à constatação de engrossamento de raízes e à necrose de meristemas apicais radiculares em algumas progênies, pressupondo a ocorrência de deficiência de zinco. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e solução de Clark modificada, no esquema fatorial 14 x 2 (14 progênies e duas concentrações de zinco), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Após o período experimental, as plantas foram divididas em folhas apicais, folhas inferiores, folhas completamente expandidas, caule (ramo ortotrópico e ramos plagiotrópicos) e raízes para determinações de matéria seca, do teor dos micronutrientes zinco, ferro, cobre e manganês e do conteúdo de zinco acumulado pelas progênies. A partir da concentração de zinco e da matéria seca das diferentes partes analisadas foram calculadas as eficiências de absorção, de transporte, de produção de biomassa e nutricional. As concentrações de clorofila a, clorofila b, clorofila total, carotenóides, compostos indólicos e o índice SPAD foram avaliadas no segundo par de folhas. O estado nutricional de zinco afetou a produção de matéria seca, a habilidade do cafeeiro em absorver, transportar e utilizar o micronutriente, as concentrações dos micronutrientes ferro, cobre e manganês e as características bioquímicas avaliadas. Dentre as características químicas e de crescimento estudadas, as reduções percentuais da área foliar, do número de folhas, do teor de zinco ativo na folha completamente expandida e de zinco total na raiz foram as variáveis que apresentaram maior importância relativa na discriminação das progênies dos cafeeiros. O agrupamento envolvendo as características de crescimento permitiu discriminar a progênie UFV 4066-3 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) como altamente exigente em zinco e a IAC 4376-5 (Tupi) como pouco exigente em zinco. A partir dos dados do acúmulo de zinco na matéria seca das plantas, as progênies IAC 4376-5 (Tupi) e UFV 4066-5 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) apresentaram baixa exigência em zinco, e as progênies Caturra Amarelo 1, UFV 4066-3 (Tupi IAC 1669-33), Caturra Amarelo 2 e Caturra Vermelho 2 apresentaram alta exigência em zinco. Com base no estudo das variáveis de crescimento e eficiência nutricional para zinco, a progênie UFV 4066-5 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) pôde ser classificada como pouco exigente em zinco e eficiente em baixo suprimento de zinco; a progênie UFV 4066-3 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) como exigente e eficiente em alto suprimento; a progênie IAC 4376-5 como pouco exigente e pouco eficiente; e a Caturra Vermelho 4 como intermediária quanto à exigência e eficiência nutricional. Os teores de clorofila a, clorofila b, clorofila total e carotenóides decresceram sob restrição no fornecimento de zinco nas progênies UFV 4066-5 (Tupi IAC 1669-33), UFV 4066-3 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) e IAC 4376-5 (Tupi), e foram incrementados na progênie Caturra Vermelho 4. Na solução em que se omitiu zinco, a progênie Caturra Vermelho 4 apresentou elevados teores de pigmentos e de zinco, de ferro, de cobre e de manganês, sugerindo metabolismo mais intenso que conduziu aos maiores teores de compostos indólicos observados para esta progênie. No entanto, a eficiência nutricional para zinco não está relacionada à manutenção de concentrações elevadas de micronutrientes, pigmentos e compostos indólicos nas folhas de mudas de cafeeiros
This work studied the influence of zinc on the growth, micronutrient concentration and biochemical characteristics of coffee plant progenies to evaluate the differential tolerance to zinc deficiency, to select nutritionally efficient progenies and to study their micronutrient requirement and biochemical characteristics. Thus, seedlings of 14 coffee plant progenies were submitted to 0.0 and 3.0 mmol L -1 of zinc in a nutritive solution for five months, and 0.0 and 6.0 mmol L -1 of zinc for five extra months. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and modified Clark solution in a 14 x 2 factorial scheme (14 progenies and two zinc concentrations), arranged in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions. After the experimental period, the plants were grouped into apical leaves, inferior leaves, completely expanded leaves, stem (orthotropicbranch and plagiothropic branches) and roots to determine dry matter, and content of the micronutrients zinc, iron, copper and manganese as well as zinc content accumulated by the progenies. Based on the zinc and dry matter concentration of the different parts analyzed, absorption, transport, biomass and nutritional production efficiencies were calculated. Chlorophyl a, chlorophyl b, total chlorophyl, carotenoids, indolic compounds and the SPAD index were evaluated in the second leaf pair. Zinc nutrional state affected dry matter production; coffee plant ability to absorb, transport, and use this micronutrient; iron, copper, and manganese concentrations; and the biochemical characteristics evaluated. Among the chemical and growth characteristics studied, the variables percentual reductions of leaf area, leaf number, active zinc content in the completely expanded leaf and total zinc in the root presented higher relative importance in discriminating coffee plant progenies. The grouping involving growth characteristics allowed to discriminate the progeny UFV 4066-3 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) as highly zinc demanding and IAC 4376-5 (Tupi) as low zinc demanding. Based on the data on zinc accumulation in the dry matter of the plants, the progenies IAC 4376-5 (Tupi) and UFV 4066-5 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) presented a low zinc requirement, and the progenies Caturra Amarelo 1, UFV 4066-3 (Tupi IAC 1669-33), Caturra Amarelo 2 and Caturra Vermelho 2 presented a high zinc requirement. Based on the study of the variables growth and nutritional efficiency for zinc, the progeny UFV 4066-5 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) can be classified as low zinc demanding and efficient in low zinc supply; the progeny UFV 4066-3 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) as highly demanding and efficient in high zinc supply; the progeny IAC 4376-5 as low zinc demanding and inefficient; and Caturra Vermelho 4 as intermediary in nutritional requirement and efficiency. Chlorophyl a, chlorophyl b, total chlorophyl and carotenoids contents decreased with restricted zinc supply in the progenies UFV 4066-5 (Tupi IAC 1669-33), UFV 4066-3 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) and IAC 4376-5 (Tupi), and increased in the progeny Caturra Vermelho 4. Caturra Vermelho 4 presented high contents of zinc, iron, copper and manganese pigments in the solution without zinc, suggesting more intense metabolism which led to higher contents of indolic compounds observed for this progeny. However, the nutritional efficiency of zinc is not related to the maintenance of high concentrations of micronutrients, pigments, and indolic compounds in the leaves of coffee plant seedlings.
This work studied the influence of zinc on the growth, micronutrient concentration and biochemical characteristics of coffee plant progenies to evaluate the differential tolerance to zinc deficiency, to select nutritionally efficient progenies and to study their micronutrient requirement and biochemical characteristics. Thus, seedlings of 14 coffee plant progenies were submitted to 0.0 and 3.0 mmol L -1 of zinc in a nutritive solution for five months, and 0.0 and 6.0 mmol L -1 of zinc for five extra months. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and modified Clark solution in a 14 x 2 factorial scheme (14 progenies and two zinc concentrations), arranged in a completely randomized design, with four repetitions. After the experimental period, the plants were grouped into apical leaves, inferior leaves, completely expanded leaves, stem (orthotropicbranch and plagiothropic branches) and roots to determine dry matter, and content of the micronutrients zinc, iron, copper and manganese as well as zinc content accumulated by the progenies. Based on the zinc and dry matter concentration of the different parts analyzed, absorption, transport, biomass and nutritional production efficiencies were calculated. Chlorophyl a, chlorophyl b, total chlorophyl, carotenoids, indolic compounds and the SPAD index were evaluated in the second leaf pair. Zinc nutrional state affected dry matter production; coffee plant ability to absorb, transport, and use this micronutrient; iron, copper, and manganese concentrations; and the biochemical characteristics evaluated. Among the chemical and growth characteristics studied, the variables percentual reductions of leaf area, leaf number, active zinc content in the completely expanded leaf and total zinc in the root presented higher relative importance in discriminating coffee plant progenies. The grouping involving growth characteristics allowed to discriminate the progeny UFV 4066-3 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) as highly zinc demanding and IAC 4376-5 (Tupi) as low zinc demanding. Based on the data on zinc accumulation in the dry matter of the plants, the progenies IAC 4376-5 (Tupi) and UFV 4066-5 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) presented a low zinc requirement, and the progenies Caturra Amarelo 1, UFV 4066-3 (Tupi IAC 1669-33), Caturra Amarelo 2 and Caturra Vermelho 2 presented a high zinc requirement. Based on the study of the variables growth and nutritional efficiency for zinc, the progeny UFV 4066-5 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) can be classified as low zinc demanding and efficient in low zinc supply; the progeny UFV 4066-3 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) as highly demanding and efficient in high zinc supply; the progeny IAC 4376-5 as low zinc demanding and inefficient; and Caturra Vermelho 4 as intermediary in nutritional requirement and efficiency. Chlorophyl a, chlorophyl b, total chlorophyl and carotenoids contents decreased with restricted zinc supply in the progenies UFV 4066-5 (Tupi IAC 1669-33), UFV 4066-3 (Tupi IAC 1669-33) and IAC 4376-5 (Tupi), and increased in the progeny Caturra Vermelho 4. Caturra Vermelho 4 presented high contents of zinc, iron, copper and manganese pigments in the solution without zinc, suggesting more intense metabolism which led to higher contents of indolic compounds observed for this progeny. However, the nutritional efficiency of zinc is not related to the maintenance of high concentrations of micronutrients, pigments, and indolic compounds in the leaves of coffee plant seedlings.
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Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
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Citação
Zabini, André Vinicius. Seleção, caracterização e tolerância diferencial à deficiência de zinco de
progênies de cafeeiros (Coffea arabica L.). Viçosa: UFV, 2004, 105p. : il. (Dissertação - Mestrado em Fitotecnia): Orientadora: Hermínia Emília Prieto Martinez. T 633.73 Z12s 2004