Embriogênese somática indireta em clones elite de Coffea arabica L.
Data
2008-08-29
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Este trabalho foi conduzido visando alcançar alta eficiência na embriogênese somática indireta em explantes foliares de plantas matrizes de Coffea arabica. Na indução de embriões somáticos, avaliou-se o potencial de produção de calos embriogênicos de clones elites em diferentes meios de cultura e variações nas concentrações de 2,4-D e 2-iP, nos meios primário e secundário de Teixeira et al. (2004 ). Na fase de multiplicação de calos, os tratamentos constituíram-se de dois meios de cultura (meio do estágio dois de Albarran et al., 2004 e meio de multiplicação de Teixeira et al., 2004) e dois sistemas de cultivo (gelificado e líquido). As avaliações foram realizadas aos 21, 42 e 63 dias após a instalação do experimento, por meio da pesagem dos calos. Na conversão de embriões somáticos em estádio cotiledonar para plântulas, avaliou-se o efeito do IBA e do BAP no meio de crescimento (PRM) de Teixeira et al. (2004). Plantas produzidas via embriogênese somática foram comparadas, em condições de campo, com plantas provenientes de sementes. Observou-se que a produção de embriões somáticos é fortemente dependente do genótipo. A indução de calos depende da época de coleta dos explantes e da relação de 2-iP e 2,4-D. O sistema gelificado apresentou maior eficiência na multiplicação de calos embriogênicos dos clones estudados. Considerando a porcentagem plântulas normais e plântulas com raízes e os valores médios do comprimento da parte aérea, não há necessidade da adição de IBA e BAP, no protocolo empregado, para a conversão de embriões somáticos em estádio cotiledonar para plântulas. As plantas provenientes de embriogênese somática apresentaram maior diâmetro de copa em relação às plantas provenientes de sementes, não havendo diferença significativa para as demais características avaliadas. Não foi detectada, pela inspeção visual, qualquer alteração no fenótipo na plantas provenientes da embriogênese somática. Assim, o comportamento de plântulas de Coffea arabica produzidas via embriogênese somática é semelhante ao de plântulas oriundas de sementes.
This work was carried out with the objective of obtaining high effectiveness in indirect somatic embryogenesis in foliar explants of Coffea arabica elite clones. The elite clones embryogenic calli yield potential was evaluated in different media as well as in 2,4-D and 2-iP variations in both primary and secondary media described by Teixeira et al (2004). For the calli multiplication the treatments constituted of two media (stage two medium described by Albarran et al, 2004, and multiplication medium described by Teixeira et al, 2004) and two cultivation systems (solid and liquid). Evaluations were carried out 21, 42 and 63 days after the experiment has been installed, by calli weighing. After the somatic embryos transformation the effect of both IBA and BAP in growth medium (PRM) described by Teixeira et al (2004) was evaluated. Plants produced through somatic embryogenesis were compared, under field conditions, with those originated from seeds. Results show that somatic embryos productions depend on the genotype. Calli induction depends on both the time explants were collected and the 2-iP and 2,4-D relationship. The solid system was more effective in the embryogenic calli multiplication of the clone studied. Taking into account the percentage of both normal and rooted plantlets as well as the aerial part length average values no IBA or BAP addition is needed, in the protocol used, to convert somatic embryos into plantlets. The length of lateral branches of the plants originated from somatic embryogenesis was longer when compared to those originated from seeds. As to the other characteristics evaluated no significant difference was found. No change in the fenotype of plants originated from somatic embryogenesis was noticed by visual inspection. Therefore, the Coffea arabica plants originated from somatic embryogenesis were found to behave similarly to those originated from seeds.
This work was carried out with the objective of obtaining high effectiveness in indirect somatic embryogenesis in foliar explants of Coffea arabica elite clones. The elite clones embryogenic calli yield potential was evaluated in different media as well as in 2,4-D and 2-iP variations in both primary and secondary media described by Teixeira et al (2004). For the calli multiplication the treatments constituted of two media (stage two medium described by Albarran et al, 2004, and multiplication medium described by Teixeira et al, 2004) and two cultivation systems (solid and liquid). Evaluations were carried out 21, 42 and 63 days after the experiment has been installed, by calli weighing. After the somatic embryos transformation the effect of both IBA and BAP in growth medium (PRM) described by Teixeira et al (2004) was evaluated. Plants produced through somatic embryogenesis were compared, under field conditions, with those originated from seeds. Results show that somatic embryos productions depend on the genotype. Calli induction depends on both the time explants were collected and the 2-iP and 2,4-D relationship. The solid system was more effective in the embryogenic calli multiplication of the clone studied. Taking into account the percentage of both normal and rooted plantlets as well as the aerial part length average values no IBA or BAP addition is needed, in the protocol used, to convert somatic embryos into plantlets. The length of lateral branches of the plants originated from somatic embryogenesis was longer when compared to those originated from seeds. As to the other characteristics evaluated no significant difference was found. No change in the fenotype of plants originated from somatic embryogenesis was noticed by visual inspection. Therefore, the Coffea arabica plants originated from somatic embryogenesis were found to behave similarly to those originated from seeds.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Calogênese, Reguladores de crescimento, Embriões somáticos, Micropropagação
Citação
REZENDE, J. C. Embriogênese somática indireta em clones elite de Coffea arabica L.. 2008. 91 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia-Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2008.