Efeitos de raios X na indução de mutações em Coffea arabica
Data
1984-07
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Instituto Agronômico (IAC)
Resumo
Sementes autopolinizadas do cultivar Bourbon Vermelho (Coffea arabica L.) gerações S4 e S5 e de linhas puras obtidas a partir de haplóides, foram expostas a irradiações de raios X, correspondentes a dosagens de 5.000, 10.000, 12.500 e 23.000 R. Verificou-se na geração M2 de uma das plantas obtidas no tratamento com 12.500 R a ocorrência de uma mutação recessiva do tipo angustifólia. Cafeeiros com fenótipo normal, resultantes de sementes irradiadas com 5.000 e 23.000 R foram plantados no campo, em experimentos, cuja produção foi controlada por 14 anos. Notou-se, entre eles, diferenças acentuadas na produção de café cereja. Progênies desses cafeeiros com maior e menor produção, plantadas em outros experimentos e colhidas durante sete anos consecutivos, não revelaram correlação positiva entre a produção das plantas matrizes e suas progênies. O mesmo fato foi observado em um terceiro experimento, cujas produções individuais foram seguidas por cinco anos consecutivos. Os dados indicam que não devem ter ocorrido mutações favoráveis que contribuíssem para a melhoria de produção. Como o número de plantas analisadas foi relativamente pequeno, o fato de terem sido observadas mutações sugere a possibilidade de o processo contribuir para acréscimos na variabilidade genética em C. arabica.
Selfed seeds of cv. Bourbon Vermelho (Coffea arabica) from generations S4 and S5 and also of pure lines obtained from doubled haploids were exposed to X-rays in doses from 5,000 to 23,000 R. A recessive mutation of angustifolia type was found in a progeny of generation M2 derived from the treatment with 12,500 R. Phenotypically normal plants from seeds irradiated with 5,000 and 23,000 R were transplanted to the field and the yields were recorded for fourteen years. Large differences were observed in total yield of individual plants. During seven years, progenies of high and low yielding plants were studied and the data revealed no correlation between the yield of the parental plants and their progenies. In another experiment, the yields were followed for five years, and again, no correlation was found. These experiments indicated that no favorable mutation affecting yield occurred. Since the number of plants analysed was relatively small, the fact that some known morphological mutations were observed, suggest that radiation could be used for increasing genetic variability of C. arabica.
Selfed seeds of cv. Bourbon Vermelho (Coffea arabica) from generations S4 and S5 and also of pure lines obtained from doubled haploids were exposed to X-rays in doses from 5,000 to 23,000 R. A recessive mutation of angustifolia type was found in a progeny of generation M2 derived from the treatment with 12,500 R. Phenotypically normal plants from seeds irradiated with 5,000 and 23,000 R were transplanted to the field and the yields were recorded for fourteen years. Large differences were observed in total yield of individual plants. During seven years, progenies of high and low yielding plants were studied and the data revealed no correlation between the yield of the parental plants and their progenies. In another experiment, the yields were followed for five years, and again, no correlation was found. These experiments indicated that no favorable mutation affecting yield occurred. Since the number of plants analysed was relatively small, the fact that some known morphological mutations were observed, suggest that radiation could be used for increasing genetic variability of C. arabica.
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Citação
CARVALHO, A.; FAZUOLI, L. C.; MEDINA FILHO, H. P. Efeitos de raios X na indução de mutações em Coffea arabica. Bragantia, Campinas, v. 43, n. 2, p. 553-567, Jul./Dez. 1984.