Periodicidade de crescimento do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) em diferentes tensões de irrigação e duas densidades de plantio
Data
2006
Autores
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Lavras
Resumo
Os cafeicultores brasileiros vêm necessitando a cada dia aumentar suas produtividades para sobreviver a um mercado cada vez mais competitivo. A periodicidade do crescimento vegetativo do cafeeiro está associada a diversos fatores como temperatura, fotoperíodo e irradiância, suprimento de água e nutrientes, mas, desde que a temperatura seja favorável o crescimento do cafeeiro pode ser alterado com o fornecimento de água. Devido à necessidade de novas pesquisas que forneçam fundamentos científicos para recomendação adequada da irrigação para o cafeeiro, é que este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o crescimento vegetativo do cafeeiro (Rubi MG-1192) sob diferentes tensões de irrigação (20, 60, 100, 140 kPa e sem irrigação) em duas densidades de plantio (2500 plantas.ha -1 e 10000 plantas.ha -1 ) durante os quatro anos iniciais da lavoura (2001 a 2005), durante o período de seca e o período chuvoso do ciclo vegetativo da planta. As características avaliadas foram: altura de plantas, diâmetro da copa e número de ramos plagiotrópicos primários. Concluiu-se que o uso da irrigação, proporciona um maior crescimento, dentro das variáveis analisadas, nas duas densidades estudadas. Em tensões menores (de 20 e 60 kPa), durante os períodos secos do ano, observou-se maiores taxas de crescimento. Durante os períodos de chuva, não houve diferença no crescimento das plantas submetidas aos diferentes critérios de irrigação. Este fato indica que, durante os períodos de chuva, critérios de irrigação baseados em tensões maiores que 60 kPa são mais indicados, porque proporcionam maior economia de água e energia. As maiores taxas de crescimento para as variáveis altura e diâmetro de copa aconteceram nos períodos de chuva, para a variável numero de ramos plagiotrópicos as maiores taxas de crescimento estiveram dentro do período seco para a densidade de 2500 planta.ha -1 , não havendo diferença de crescimento entre os períodos dentro da densidade de 10000 planta.ha -1 .
Brazilian coffee farmers are constantly in need of increasing their profits to survive to a market that is becoming even more competitive. The periodicity of coffee tree vegetative growth is associated with a number of factors, such as: temperature, photoperiod and irradiance, water and nutrients supply, and reproductive growth. If temperature is favorable, coffee tree growth may be affected by water supply. The need of new research studies providing scientific grounds for adequate coffee tree irrigation management was the motivation for this study, that was intended to analyze, at two planting densities (2500 plants.ha -1 e 10000 plants.ha -1 ), vegetative growth evolution of coffee tree (Rubi MG-1192) submitted to different irrigation trigger tensions (20, 60, 100, 140 kPa and without irrigation). For the crop first four years (2001 to 2005), vegetative growths observed at drought and rainy periods were compared. Evaluated growth parameters were: plant height, canopy diameter and number of primary plagiotropic branches. For both planting densities, as indicated by all evaluated growth parameters, irrigation provides higher vegetative growth. During dry periods, plant submitted to low irrigation trigger tension values (20 and 60 kPa) presented higher growth than plants submitted to higher irrigation trigger tension values. During rainy periods, there were no differences among vegetative growth of plants submitted to different irrigation criteria. This fact indicates that during rainy periods irrigation criteria based on soil water trigger tension values higher than 60 kPa are recommended, because they save more water and energy. Higher growth rates in plant height, and canopy diameter were observed during rainy periods and. For the 2500 plants.ha -1 treatment, higher growth rate in plagiotropic branche number was observed during dry periods. For the 1000 plants.ha -1 treatment, there were no differences on plagiotropic branches number growth rate during dry and rainy periods.
Brazilian coffee farmers are constantly in need of increasing their profits to survive to a market that is becoming even more competitive. The periodicity of coffee tree vegetative growth is associated with a number of factors, such as: temperature, photoperiod and irradiance, water and nutrients supply, and reproductive growth. If temperature is favorable, coffee tree growth may be affected by water supply. The need of new research studies providing scientific grounds for adequate coffee tree irrigation management was the motivation for this study, that was intended to analyze, at two planting densities (2500 plants.ha -1 e 10000 plants.ha -1 ), vegetative growth evolution of coffee tree (Rubi MG-1192) submitted to different irrigation trigger tensions (20, 60, 100, 140 kPa and without irrigation). For the crop first four years (2001 to 2005), vegetative growths observed at drought and rainy periods were compared. Evaluated growth parameters were: plant height, canopy diameter and number of primary plagiotropic branches. For both planting densities, as indicated by all evaluated growth parameters, irrigation provides higher vegetative growth. During dry periods, plant submitted to low irrigation trigger tension values (20 and 60 kPa) presented higher growth than plants submitted to higher irrigation trigger tension values. During rainy periods, there were no differences among vegetative growth of plants submitted to different irrigation criteria. This fact indicates that during rainy periods irrigation criteria based on soil water trigger tension values higher than 60 kPa are recommended, because they save more water and energy. Higher growth rates in plant height, and canopy diameter were observed during rainy periods and. For the 2500 plants.ha -1 treatment, higher growth rate in plagiotropic branche number was observed during dry periods. For the 1000 plants.ha -1 treatment, there were no differences on plagiotropic branches number growth rate during dry and rainy periods.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Lavras
Palavras-chave
Crescimento, Irrigação
Citação
PAIVA, L. C. Periodicidade de crescimento do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) em diferentes tensões de irrigação e duas densidades de plantio. 2006. 90 f. Tese (Doutorado em Agronomia-Fitotecnia) - Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras. 2006.