Comparação química dos grãos de café (Coffea arabica), sadio e seus grãos PVA (pretos, verdes, ardidos) oriundos do Sul de Minas e do Cerrado Mineiro, submetidos a diferentes graus de torrefação
Arquivos
Data
2006
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Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Resumo
O café é considerado um dos produtos agrícolas de maior importância para o Brasil. Sua qualidade é de fundamental importância, devendo o produto apresentar propriedades físicas, químicas e sensoriais de acordo com as normas estabelecidas. Entre os vários fatores que influenciam a qualidade do café destaca-se a presença de grãos defeituosos (grãos pretos, verdes e ardidos), que são os mais indesejáveis. Assim, este trabalho objetivou uma diferenciação química entre os grãos sadios e os grãos pretos, verdes e ardidos (PVA), obtidos com diferentes graus de torrefação (torra fraca, média e forte), utilizando-se amostras proveniente do Cerrado Mineiro e para a torra média uma amostra do Sul de Minas. Os resultados mostraram que bebidas preparadas a partir de grãos PVA são mais ácidas devido aos processos fermentativos e mais adstringente decorrente de maiores teores de compostos fenólicos, proantocianidinas e ácidos clorogênicos. Além disso, a presença de defeitos reduz a concentração de óleo essencial, porém aumenta os teores de substâncias indesejáveis para o aroma, como aldeídos de baixa massa molar e sulfetos. Estes grãos são ricos em olefinas e cadeias saturadas. No entanto, o substrato dos grãos defeituosos e sadios são semelhantes, compondo-se basicamente por açúcares, fenóis ácidos carboxílicos e cafeína.
Coffee is considered one of Brazil’s most important commodities and, therefore, its quality is very important. This product must present physical, chemical and sensorial properties according to established standards to reach the quality degree for exportation. Among the several factors that influence the quality of coffee, the presence of defective beans (black, green and sour beans (BGS)) must be avoided. Thus, the aim of this dissertation was to obtain a chemical differentiation between good and defective roasted beans. To study that, samples from Minas Gerais’s cerrado and from the South of this state were used. They were roasted until three different degrees (mild, medium and strong roasting). The results showed that beverages prepared from BGS beans were more acid due to fermentative processes, and more astringent due to higher content of phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidins and chlorogenic acids. Moreover, the presence of defective beans reduces the essential oil concentration, but increases the content of undesirable substances for the aroma, as low molecular weight aldehydes and sulfides. These beans are rich in olefins and saturated chains. However, the matrixes of the defective and good beans are similar, being basically composed by sugars, phenols, carboxylic acids and caffeine.
Coffee is considered one of Brazil’s most important commodities and, therefore, its quality is very important. This product must present physical, chemical and sensorial properties according to established standards to reach the quality degree for exportation. Among the several factors that influence the quality of coffee, the presence of defective beans (black, green and sour beans (BGS)) must be avoided. Thus, the aim of this dissertation was to obtain a chemical differentiation between good and defective roasted beans. To study that, samples from Minas Gerais’s cerrado and from the South of this state were used. They were roasted until three different degrees (mild, medium and strong roasting). The results showed that beverages prepared from BGS beans were more acid due to fermentative processes, and more astringent due to higher content of phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidins and chlorogenic acids. Moreover, the presence of defective beans reduces the essential oil concentration, but increases the content of undesirable substances for the aroma, as low molecular weight aldehydes and sulfides. These beans are rich in olefins and saturated chains. However, the matrixes of the defective and good beans are similar, being basically composed by sugars, phenols, carboxylic acids and caffeine.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado defendida na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Palavras-chave
Café Química Defeitos Torrefação Coffea arabica, Coffee Chemistry Defective beans Roasting Coffea arabica
Citação
Oliveira, Grasielle Silva de. Comparação química dos grãos de café (Coffea arabica), sadio e seus grãos PVA (pretos, verdes, ardidos) oriundos do Sul de Minas e do Cerrado Mineiro, submetidos a diferentes graus de torrefação. Uberlândia : UFU, 2006. 101p. : il. Dissertação (Mestrado em Química) - Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Orientador: Evandro Afonso do Nascimento.