Alterações nos atributos químicos de um latossolo pelo manejo de plantas invasoras em cafeeiros
Data
2011-11
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Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
O controle de plantas invasoras é uma das práticas de manejo mais intensivas na condução de lavouras cafeeiras, o qual provoca alterações nos atributos químicos do solo. Diante disso, os objetivos deste estudo foram: avaliar os efeitos dos diferentes sistemas de manejo de plantas invasoras em uma lavoura cafeeira nos atributos químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico em relação ao solo sob mata nativa (MATA); e verificar a relação entre o teor de C orgânico do solo (COS) e a capacidade de troca de cátions efetiva (CTC a pH natural) e a capacidade de troca de cátions a pH 7 (CTC a pH 7). O estudo foi realizado na fazenda experimental da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), localizada no município de São Sebastião do Paraíso, Minas Gerais. A área experimental foi plantada com cafeeiros da cultivar Paraíso, e o experimento foi instalado em blocos casualizados, com sete manejos de plantas invasoras e três repetições. Os manejos de plantas invasoras avaliados foram: sem capina (SCAP); capina manual (CAPM); herbicida de pós-emergência (HPOS); roçadora (ROÇA); enxada rotativa (ENRT); grade (GRAD); e herbicida de pré-emergência (HPRE). Cada manejo de plantas invasoras nas entrelinhas dos cafeeiros vem sendo realizado há 30 anos em três ruas, com 36 m de comprimento cada. As amostras de solo foram coletadas no centro das entrelinhas dos cafeeiros em dezembro de 2007, com cinco amostras simples por parcela, que perfizeram uma amostra composta em três profundidades (0–3, 10–13 e 25–28 cm). As seguintes análises químicas foram realizadas nas amostras de solo: pH em água, cátions trocáveis (Ca, Mg, K e Al), C orgânico (COS), capacidade de troca de cátions efetiva ou a pH natural (CTC efetiva) e capacidade de troca de cátions a pH 7. Os manejos apresentaram características contrastantes, variando desde métodos manuais até capinas químicas e mecânicas. Os resultados permitiram observar que a manutenção das plantas invasoras nas entrelinhas dos cafeeiros, adotada no manejo sem capina, contribuiu positivamente para as alterações dos atributos químicos (Ca trocável, CTC efetiva e CTC a pH 7,0) nas três profundidades estudadas; além disso, elevou o teor de C orgânico total na profundidade de 0–3 cm e pode contribuir para aumento e manutenção dos estoques de C em lavouras cafeeiras. Assim, o manejo SCAP nas entrelinhas dos cafeeiros pode ser adotado para a melhoria e manutenção dos atributos químicos em lavouras cafeeiras. Por outro lado, a utilização constante e por longo prazo (30 anos) do manejo HPRE reduziu os valores de pH nas profundidades de 10–13 e 25–28 cm e do Ca trocável, Mg trocável e CTC efetiva nas três profundidades estudadas, em relação aos demais manejos de plantas invasoras. Os valores de CTC efetiva do Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico apresentaram relação com o teor de C orgânico em 59, 60 e 47 % dos casos e de CTC a pH 7 em 65, 55 e 46 %, nas profundidades de 0–3, 10–13 e 25–28 cm.
Weed control is one of the most intensive management practices in coffee plantations resulting in changes in soil chemical properties. The objectives of this study were: a) to assess the effects of weed management in a coffee plantation on the chemical properties of a Dystroferric Red Latosol (Oxisol) compared to soil under native forest; b) to verify the relationship between soil organic carbon content (COS) and the effective cation exchange capacity (effective CEC) and the cation exchange capacity at pH 7. This study was carried out on an experimental farm of the Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) at the São Sebastião do Paraíso County, of Minas Gerais State. In the experimental area, coffee was planted and the experiment was installed in randomized blocks with three replications. The following weed plant managements were evaluated: without weed control (SCAP); hand weeding (CAPM); post-emergence herbicide (HPOS); mechanized mower (ROÇA); rotary tiller (ENRT); coffee tandem disc harrow (GRAD) and pre- emergence herbicide (HPRE). Each one of these weed control systems had been performed in the preceding 30 years in three inter-rows (length 36 m). Five soil samples were collected in three layers (0–3, 10–13 and 25–28 cm) per plot between coffee rows, in December 2007. The following soil chemical analyses were performed: pH-water, exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Al), cation exchange capacity at natural pH (effective CEC) and cation exchange capacity at pH 7.0 (CEC potential. The results showed that the maintenance of weed plants between coffee rows in the treatment no weed control (SCAP) had positive effects on the chemical properties (exchangeable Ca, effective CEC and CEC at pH 7.0 in the three layers). Furthermore, the total soil organic carbon content at 0–3 cm depth increased and may contribute to the increase and maintenance of carbon stocks in coffee plantations. Thus, no weed control (SCAP) between coffee rows can be adopted for the improvement and maintenance of the chemical properties in coffee plantations. On the other hand, the constant long term-use (30 years) with HPRE management decreases the pH-water values in the layers 10–13 and 25–28 cm and the exchangeable Ca, Mg and effective CEC in the three layers studied in relation to other weed plant managements. The effective CEC of the soil was related with organic carbon content in 59, 60 and 47 % of the cases and CEC at pH 7 in 65, 55 and 46 % in the layers 0–3, 10–13 and 25–28 cm.
Weed control is one of the most intensive management practices in coffee plantations resulting in changes in soil chemical properties. The objectives of this study were: a) to assess the effects of weed management in a coffee plantation on the chemical properties of a Dystroferric Red Latosol (Oxisol) compared to soil under native forest; b) to verify the relationship between soil organic carbon content (COS) and the effective cation exchange capacity (effective CEC) and the cation exchange capacity at pH 7. This study was carried out on an experimental farm of the Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) at the São Sebastião do Paraíso County, of Minas Gerais State. In the experimental area, coffee was planted and the experiment was installed in randomized blocks with three replications. The following weed plant managements were evaluated: without weed control (SCAP); hand weeding (CAPM); post-emergence herbicide (HPOS); mechanized mower (ROÇA); rotary tiller (ENRT); coffee tandem disc harrow (GRAD) and pre- emergence herbicide (HPRE). Each one of these weed control systems had been performed in the preceding 30 years in three inter-rows (length 36 m). Five soil samples were collected in three layers (0–3, 10–13 and 25–28 cm) per plot between coffee rows, in December 2007. The following soil chemical analyses were performed: pH-water, exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Al), cation exchange capacity at natural pH (effective CEC) and cation exchange capacity at pH 7.0 (CEC potential. The results showed that the maintenance of weed plants between coffee rows in the treatment no weed control (SCAP) had positive effects on the chemical properties (exchangeable Ca, effective CEC and CEC at pH 7.0 in the three layers). Furthermore, the total soil organic carbon content at 0–3 cm depth increased and may contribute to the increase and maintenance of carbon stocks in coffee plantations. Thus, no weed control (SCAP) between coffee rows can be adopted for the improvement and maintenance of the chemical properties in coffee plantations. On the other hand, the constant long term-use (30 years) with HPRE management decreases the pH-water values in the layers 10–13 and 25–28 cm and the exchangeable Ca, Mg and effective CEC in the three layers studied in relation to other weed plant managements. The effective CEC of the soil was related with organic carbon content in 59, 60 and 47 % of the cases and CEC at pH 7 in 65, 55 and 46 % in the layers 0–3, 10–13 and 25–28 cm.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Controle de plantas daninhas, Carbono orgânico total, Capacidade de troca de cátions, Cargas do solo, pH, Eletroquímica de solo
Citação
ARAÚJO-JUNIOR, C. F. et al. Alterações nos atributos químicos de um latossolo pelo manejo de plantas invasoras em cafeeiros. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Viçosa, v. 35, n. 6, p. 2207-2217, 2011.