Alterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas durante o envelhecimento natural e artificial de sementes de café (Coffea arabica L.)
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Data
2004
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Editor
Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Resumo
O trabalho teve como objetivos identificar as alterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas ocorridas em sementes de café durante o envelhecimento natural, decorrente do armazenamento, e artificial, obtido com o teste de envelhecimento acelerado e estabelecer uma possível relação entre as alterações bioquímicas decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento e a perda da qualidade fisiológica. Para tanto, foram conduzidos dois experimentos, utilizando sementes de duas cultivares de café, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 e Rubi MG 1192. No primeiro experimento, para provocar o envelhecimento artificial, as sementes foram submetidas a 42º C e 100% UR, por períodos de 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 e 120 horas. Após cada período, foram realizadas avaliações da qualidade fisiológica pelos testes de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, peso de matéria verde e de matéria seca das plântulas, condutividade elétrica e classificação do vigor das plântulas e determinações bioquímicas (teores de lipídios, açúcares solúveis e taxa respiratória). No segundo experimento (envelhecimento natural), as sementes das duas cultivares foram armazenadas a partir de setembro/2003, por 12 meses em câmara fria e em condição ambiente, utilizando-se os mesmos testes empregados no primeiro experimento, os quais foram conduzidos aos zero, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 e 12 meses. Os resultados permitiram concluir que tanto o envelhecimento natural como o artificial acarretaram decréscimos na germinação e no vigor das sementes. Observou-se também, que o envelhecimento natural e o artificial promoveram alterações na taxa respiratória, nos teores de açúcares solúveis e de lipídios das sementes de café. Não se verificou associação entre deterioração das sementes de café e alterações nos teores de açúcares solúveis e de lipídios. As sementes de café armazenadas em condição ambiente perderam a viabilidade aos seis meses, enquanto em câmara fria ocorreu retardamento no processo de deterioração, conservando a germinação em torno de 70% aos 12 meses. A primeira contagem de germinação, condutividade elétrica e classificação do vigor das plântulas foram mais sensí veis que as determinações bioquí micas para monitorar o processo de deterioração das sementes de café.
The study was executed to evaluate the physiological and biochemical alterations occurred in coffee seeds during natural ageing, due to storage, and artificial ageing, by the use of accelerated ageing test and evaluate one possible relationship between the biochemical alterations due to the process of ageing and loss of physiological quality. Two experiments were carried using seeds of two coffee cultivars, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 and Rubi MG 1192. In the first experiment, for inducing the artificial ageing, the seeds were submitted at 42ºC and 100% relative humidity for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. After each period, the physiological quality of seeds were evaluated by the germination test, first count germination, accelerated ageing, weight of fresh matter and dry matter of the seedling, electrical conductivity and seedling vigor classification and the determinations biochemical (lipids and soluble sugars content and respiratory rate). In the second experiment (natural ageing), the coffee seeds of two cultivars were stored beginning September 2003, for 12 months, in a cold room and under room temperature conditions, using the same tests utilized in the first experiment, which were carried for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 e 12 months. The results showed that aged seeds, both naturally and artificially, had decreasing germination and vigor. And it was observed also that natural and artificial ageing promoted alterations in respiratory rate and soluble sugars and lipids content in coffee seeds. The seeds artificially aged presented higher respiratory rates than the seeds naturally aged. It was not found any association between deterioration of coffee seeds and alterations in the soluble sugars and lipids content. The coffee seeds stored at room temperature conditions lost viability after six months, while in cold room storage had a delay in the deterioration process, allowing conservation of the germination near to 70% after twelve months. The first count germination, electric conductivity and seedling vigor classification tests were more sensitive than the biochemical parameters for monitoring the deterioration process of the coffee seeds.
The study was executed to evaluate the physiological and biochemical alterations occurred in coffee seeds during natural ageing, due to storage, and artificial ageing, by the use of accelerated ageing test and evaluate one possible relationship between the biochemical alterations due to the process of ageing and loss of physiological quality. Two experiments were carried using seeds of two coffee cultivars, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 and Rubi MG 1192. In the first experiment, for inducing the artificial ageing, the seeds were submitted at 42ºC and 100% relative humidity for 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. After each period, the physiological quality of seeds were evaluated by the germination test, first count germination, accelerated ageing, weight of fresh matter and dry matter of the seedling, electrical conductivity and seedling vigor classification and the determinations biochemical (lipids and soluble sugars content and respiratory rate). In the second experiment (natural ageing), the coffee seeds of two cultivars were stored beginning September 2003, for 12 months, in a cold room and under room temperature conditions, using the same tests utilized in the first experiment, which were carried for 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 e 12 months. The results showed that aged seeds, both naturally and artificially, had decreasing germination and vigor. And it was observed also that natural and artificial ageing promoted alterations in respiratory rate and soluble sugars and lipids content in coffee seeds. The seeds artificially aged presented higher respiratory rates than the seeds naturally aged. It was not found any association between deterioration of coffee seeds and alterations in the soluble sugars and lipids content. The coffee seeds stored at room temperature conditions lost viability after six months, while in cold room storage had a delay in the deterioration process, allowing conservation of the germination near to 70% after twelve months. The first count germination, electric conductivity and seedling vigor classification tests were more sensitive than the biochemical parameters for monitoring the deterioration process of the coffee seeds.
Descrição
Tese de Doutorado defendida na Universidade Federal de Viçosa
Palavras-chave
Café Sementes Armazenamento Qualidade Deterioração Bioquímica Fisiologia Coffea arabica, Coffee Seeds Storage Quality Deterioration Biochemistry Physiology Coffea arabica
Citação
Pertel, Josete. Alterações fisiológicas e bioquímicas durante o envelhecimento natural e artificial de sementes de café (Coffea arabica L.). Viçosa : UFV, 2004. 107p. : il. (Tese - doutorado em Fitotecnia) Orientadora: Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias. T 633.7368 P468a 2004