Genética de Coffea XV - Hereditariedade dos característicos principais de Coffea arabica L. Var. semperflorens K.M.C.
Data
1952-04
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Instituto Agronômico (IAC)
Resumo
No planalto de São Paulo, o cafeeiro normalmente floresce duas a quatro vezes por ano, nos períodos compreendidos entre fins de julho a novembro. Raramente floresce mais vêzes, e um pouco além dessa estação. Em 1934, foram encontrados alguns cafeeiros da espécie C. arabica, caracterizados por seu florescimento quase que continuamente durante o ano. A êsse mutante foi dada a denominação de semperflorens. Os resultados da análise genética apresentados indicam que os característicos principais do semperflorens, a forma da planta, tipo de ramificação e florescimento quase que contínuo, são controlados por um par de fatôres genéticos recessivos. Êsse fator genético tem por símbolo sf sf, correspondente à abreviação da palavra semperflorens. Os resultados dos cruzamentos entre o semperflorens e as variedades murta e nana indicam que o semperflorens deve ter-se originado como uma mutação recessiva do bourbon. Apesar de terem sido encontrados cafeeiros semperflorens quase que simultâneamente em Ribeirão Prêto e Campinas, é mais provável que a mutação tenha ocorrido em Ribeirão Preto, onde o café bourbon foi cultivado pela primeira vez em São Paulo. Além de apresentar o semperflorens interêsse do ponto de vista fisiológico, tem também valor econômico, por ser produtivo e possuir boa resistência à sêca, motivo pelo qual numerosas progênies dêsse cafeeiro vêm sendo estudadas, visando o isolamento de linhagens ainda mais produtivas.
Under normal environmental conditions coffee plants in the State of São Paulo flower two to four times during the period of July to November. Only rarely do they flower beyond these limits. In 1934 a few coffee plants of the species C. arabica were found which flower almost at any period of the year. This mutant was named semperflorens. The results of the gene tical analysis here presented indicate that the characteristics of this mutant are controled by one pair of recessive factors (sf sf). This pair of genes controls the growth habit of the plant and leaf characters, its almost continuous flowering habit and its marked drought resistance. The F1 plants (semperflorens x normal) are entirely normal, the F2 segregatir g into 3 normal and 1 semperflorens. By crossing semperflorens with the testers murta and nana, it was concluded that the new variation probably originated as a mutation from the bourbon variety. The fruits of the semperflorens plants ripen almost throughout the whole year; at two periods however, yields are higher, one of them corresponding with the normal harvest period of coffee (March-April-May), the other occuring in October-November-December. Its total annual yield is of the same magnitude as that of the bourbon variety. As the semperflorens also seems to be of certain economic value for small intensive plantations, an attempt is being made to improve its yielding capacity through regional breeding work.
Under normal environmental conditions coffee plants in the State of São Paulo flower two to four times during the period of July to November. Only rarely do they flower beyond these limits. In 1934 a few coffee plants of the species C. arabica were found which flower almost at any period of the year. This mutant was named semperflorens. The results of the gene tical analysis here presented indicate that the characteristics of this mutant are controled by one pair of recessive factors (sf sf). This pair of genes controls the growth habit of the plant and leaf characters, its almost continuous flowering habit and its marked drought resistance. The F1 plants (semperflorens x normal) are entirely normal, the F2 segregatir g into 3 normal and 1 semperflorens. By crossing semperflorens with the testers murta and nana, it was concluded that the new variation probably originated as a mutation from the bourbon variety. The fruits of the semperflorens plants ripen almost throughout the whole year; at two periods however, yields are higher, one of them corresponding with the normal harvest period of coffee (March-April-May), the other occuring in October-November-December. Its total annual yield is of the same magnitude as that of the bourbon variety. As the semperflorens also seems to be of certain economic value for small intensive plantations, an attempt is being made to improve its yielding capacity through regional breeding work.
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CARVALHO, A.; KRUG, C. A. Genética de Coffea XV - Hereditariedade dos característicos principais de Coffea arabica L. Var. semperflorens K.M.C. Bragantia, Campinas, v. 12, n. 4-6, p. 163-170, abr./jun. 1952.