Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/12090
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Item Dynamic Behavior of Coffee Branches: an Analysis Using the Finite Element Method(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2024-01-12) Melo Junior, Wellington Washington Andrade de; Santos, Fábio Lúcio; Scinocca, Francisco; Rosa, Pablo Antunes da; Magalhães, Ricardo RodriguesThe use of computational simulation techniques is an important tool for the coffee harvesting issues, particularly the finite element method. The method is widely used in the structural analysis of agricultural machinery, as well as in the analysis of the stresses and vibrations of coffee branches and peduncles during the harvesting process. The present study aimed to develop three-dimensional finite element models of the plagiotropic branches of the Catuaí Vermelho variety of Arabica coffee in different positions along the orthotropic branches of the plant; considering high-fidelity models. Additionally, by considering the branches’ experimental properties (physical-mechanical), the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the branches were determined by means of computer simulations. First, the geometric properties of the coffee branches were obtained by means of two images taken using a professional camera to obtain the input data of the virtual simulation. For the mechanical properties, it was used a semi-analytical digital scale, to obtain the mass of the specimens. The modulus of elasticity was determined using a universal testing machine. The variability in the simulated natural frequencies could be identified, which was on the order of 30% for the first frequency, regardless of the position of the branch in the plant. These values were lower for the other frequencies. Linear regression fits showed a coefficient of determination, and correlation tests were used to verify the relationship between the values obtained numerically and experimentally, which were validated by using experimental data using the modal analysis techniques.Item Nitrogen metabolism in coffee plants subjected to water deficit and nitrate doses(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2023-03-24) Rocha, Brunno César Pereira; Martinez, Hermínia Emília Prieto; Ribeiro, Cléberson; Brito, Danielle SantosNitrogen uptake is essential for coffee growth and development, resulting in important effects on the biomass and final crop yield. Thus, like most nutrients, nitrogen is absorbed by the roots using water as a mean of transport, so that water stress and nitrogen can directly and indirectly affect various physiological processes. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the nitrogen metabolism in young plants of four varieties of coffee trees (Coffea arabica L.) submitted to water deficit (WD) and nitrogen supply. We have done a triple factorial (2 x 4 x 4) experiment entirely randomized. The plots received combinations of high or low N doses (7mmol/L and 2.8 mmol/L NO3 -), four water potentials (0; -0.4; -0.8; and -1.6 Mpa), and four varieties (Mundo Novo IAC379-19, Acauã F6 of IBC - PR 82010, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 44, and Catuaí Amarelo IAC 62). One hundred and forty days after the I of the experiment (140 days after the beginning of N stress and 82 days after the beginning of WD stress) the activity of the enzymes nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS), concentration of nitrate, free proline, amino acids (TAA), and total proteins were determined in samples of leaf and root tissues. There were differences between varieties independently of WD and N dose for leaf NR, being ‘Acauã’ the cultivar that presented the highest and ‘Catuaí Vermelho’ the lowest value to this trait. The WD promoted an increase on the proline concentration in the roots. With low N dose, the activity of GS presented linear increases in response to WD. It was concluded that in young coffee plants under WD, proline can be involved in the osmotic adjustment, having its synthesis in the roots increased. Under WD, plants with good nitrogen nutrition presented larger leaf concentration of soluble amino acids and total soluble proteins. The varieties studied do not present differentiated responses to WD.Item Development of Adsorbent Materials Using Residue from Coffee Industry and Application in Food dye Adsorption Processes(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2022-11-11) Castro, Luiz Eduardo Nochi de; Battocchio, Débora Alessandra Jones; Ribeiro, Leomara Floriano; Colpini, Leda Maria SaragiottoThe aim of this study was to develop an adsorbent from coffee husk, residue from the coffee industry by different activation methods and to evaluate its application in the treatment of effluent containing synthetic Ponceau 4R dye. The activations were with phosphoric acid and zinc chloride, then the samples were characterized in terms of physical and chemical composition, structure and morphology, thermal behavior and kinetic and thermodynamic study. Regarding the characterization of the material, the activation with phosphoric acid showed porous morphology and a high surface area (429.7 m2 g-1) and with the kinetic study it was possible to obtain an equilibrium time of 60 min and dispersion according to Elovich kinetics (R2 = 0.96 and RMSE < 0.24). According to the experimental design, the adsorptive capacity can be evaluated with the significant result (qe = 19.87 mg g-1) under the conditions of 90 min of the adsorption process and at the concentration of 2 g L-1 of adsorbent. In relation to the equilibrium study the Langmuir model fit the data with coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.84. Finally, the Ponceau 4R dye adsorption process using coffee husks as an activated carbon was thermodynamically favorable through the negative Gibbs free energy and positive entropy (+0.022 kJ mol-1 K-1). Therefore, the use of coffee husk as activated carbon proved to be a favorable material for Ponceau 4R dye adsorption.Item Use of Coffee Capsules as Support Material in Upflow Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactors(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2019) Souza, Gabriela Rezende de; Oliveira, Luiz Fernando Coutinho de; Bello, Italoema Pinheiro; Siniscalchi, Luciene Alves Batista; Fia, Ronaldo; Gandia, Rômulo MarçalThe aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of upflow anaerobic fixed bed reactors filled with espresso coffee capsules to treat sanitary sewage. Three reactors (R1, R2 and R3) were constructed in blue PVC pipes measuring 30 cm height and 150 mm diameter and filled with coffee capsules made of aluminum and plastic. The sewage from the pre-treatment phase of the wastewater treatment plant of the Federal University of Lavras fed the system. Temperature, pH, alkalinity and volatile acids concentration, COD, TS, TVS and TSS of the influent and effluent were analyzed to evaluate the reactors performances. Statistics tests were run in the software Statistica 10. Changes occurred in the organic loading rates caused two different operating phases, one at an OLR of 2.1 kg COD m-3d-1 and another at 4.0 kg COD m-3d-1. The average temperature during the monitoring period was 18°C. In spite of the operating conditions variations, the reactors showed satisfactory performances, presenting COD efficiency removals up to 80% in both phases. The capsules characteristics were similar to other materials used as support. Hence, it is possible to utilize coffee capsules as support material in anaerobic reactors, providing satisfactory pollutants removal efficiencies.Item Enzyme Production by Induratia spp. Isolated from Coffee Plants in Brazil(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2020) Monteiro, Mônica Cristina Pereira; Tavares, Dérica Gonçalves; Nery, Eduardo Mateus; Queiroz, Marisa Vieira de; Pereira, Olinto Liparini; Cardoso, Patrícia GomesEndophytic fungi belonging to the genus Muscodor now transferred to Induratia are known producers of bioactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with many industrial applications. However, the members of this genus have rarely been reported to produce non-volatile metabolites including enzyme. Enzymes of the endophytes are degraders of the polysaccharides available in the host plants and the knowledge of enzyme production by Induratia spp. may provide insights into their possible biotechnological applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of amylase, cellulase, lipase, pectinase, phytase, protease, endo β-1,4 glucanase and exo β-1,4 glucanase enzymes produced by fungi of the species Induratia coffeana, Induratia yucatanensis and Induratia sp. isolated from organic coffee plants. All Induratia spp. were able to produce the extracellular enzymes cellulase, pectinase, protease, and phytase. Eight fungi were able to produce lipase and four produced amylase. The specific activity of endo β-1, 4 glucanase and exo β-1,4 glucanase enzymes were detected for 9 and 8 endophytic fungi, respectively. This work demonstrated for the first time, the array of enzymes produced by Induratia spp. isolated from Coffea arabica in organic systems in Brazil.Item Influence of Silver Nitrate on Somatic Embryogenesis Induction in Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.)(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2019) Rojas-Lorz, Laura; Arrieta-Espinoza, Griselda; Valdez-Melara, Marta; Pereira, Luiz Filipe Protasio; Gatica-Arias, AndrésThe influence of silver nitrate (AgNO3), benzyladenine (BAP), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on low frequency somatic embryogenesis (LFSE) induction in Caturra and Catuaí arabica coffee was evaluated. For the Caturra cultivar, the production of somatic embryos was significantly increased by adding AgNO3 to the semisolid culture medium. The highest average number of somatic embryos for this cultivar was obtained using 6.6 μM BAP, 2.85 μM IAA, and 40 μM AgNO3. In contrast, for the Catuaí cultivar, the highest average number of somatic embryos was obtained using semisolid medium supplemented with 8.8 μM BAP, and 2.85 μM IAA. Using these protocols, somatic embryos were directly induced using leaf sections of in vitro plants of both coffee cultivars within 8 weeks. The somatic embryos developed into rooted plants with a 100% survival rate upon transfer to the greenhouse.Item Characterization of Roasted Coffea arabica Species by the Relationship Between Caffeine and Diterpenes Contents(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2020) Zanin, Rodolfo Campos; Kitzberger, Cíntia Sorane Good; Benassi, Marta de ToledoCommercial roasted and ground coffees are usually blends of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Considering the differences in price and sensory characteristics between these two species, the identification of the presence of each species in commercial blends is of great interest. The aim of this study was to describe typical profiles of caffeine and diterpenes (kahweol and cafestol) contents and the ratios among these compounds to support the characterization of Coffea species in roasted coffees. 32 good cup quality Brazilian C. arabica coffees (from coffee quality contests) produced using different postharvest treatments were studied. All analysis were performed by HPLC. Higher ranges were observed in diterpene contents – kahweol varied from 1.75 to 10.68 g/kg (coefficient of variation of 510%) and cafestol from 1.76 to 9.66 g/kg (449%) – than caffeine, that varied from 5.1 to 16.2 g/kg (coefficient of variation of 218%). Wide ranges of the kahweol/cafestol ratio (0.63 to 2.77) and the caffeine/kahweol ratio (0.84 to 5.15) were also observed. Hence it was proposed the additional use of a new parameter, the ratio of caffeine/sum of diterpenes (kahweol + cafestol) that presents values from 0.54 to 2.39. The results indicated that the combined use of these parameters could be a potential tool for discriminating Coffea species in blends of roasted and ground coffee. It was proposed as potentially indicative of C. arabica: values of kahweol/cafestol ratio above 0.50, associated with caffeine/kahweol ratio lower than 5.50 and caffeine/sum of diterpenes ratio lower than 2.50.Item Molecular characterization of arabica and conilon coffee plants genotypes by ssr and issr markers(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2014-09) Motta, Ludymila Brandão; Soares, Taís Cristina Bastos; Ferrão, Maria Amélia Gava; Caixeta, Eveline Teixeira; Lorenzoni, Rodrigo Monte; Souza Neto, José Dias deThe molecular characterization of ten genotypes of the Coffea arabica plants and of seven genotypes of C. canephora having interesting features for coffee breeding programs was carried to select the parents for breeding. A total of 40 SSR and 29 ISSR primers were used. The primers generated a total of 331 (307 polymorphic and 24 monomorphic) bands. Analysis of genetic diversity presented dissimilarity intervals ranging from 0.22 to 0.44 between the Conilon genotypes, from 0.02 to 0.28 between the Arabica genotypes, and from 0.49 to 0.60 between the genotypes of the two species in the joint analysis. Four groups were formed: I = genotypes of C. arabica, II = four progenies of C. canephora, Conilon group, and one non defined C. canephora (Conilon or Robusta), III = one progeny of un-defined C. canephora (Conilon or Robusta) and IV = one progeny of C. canephora of Robusta group. The grouping formed was consistent with the origins of each group. High stabilities of the bifurcations were found by bootstrap analysis. The use of molecular markers of the SSR and ISSR types in the diversity study was efficient in distinguishing genotypes between and within C. arabica and C. canephora.Item Stability of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of regular and decaffeinated coffees(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2014-01) Vicente, Silvio José Valadão; Queiroz, Yara Severino; Gotlieb, Sabina Léa Davidson; Torres, Elizabeth Aparecida Ferraz da SilvaThis study compared the regular and decaffeinated coffees in relation to antioxidant capacity, levels of some antioxidant molecules and stability of these parameters over a six-month period under different storage conditions. The regular coffee samples analyzed right after the industrial production showed higher antioxidant capacity (ORAC and DPPH), the same levels of phenolic compounds and higher levels of phenolic acids than decaffeinated coffee. After six months, the closed packs of both the grades kept under vacuum at 20°C did not show significant changes from the initial results; the open packs stored at 4°C showed small but statistically significant reductions and the open packs stored at 20°C showed higher and statistically significant losses (p < 0.05). Oxygen was the most important factor for these losses but temperature also played an important role. Tests showed that the storage conditions were very important to preserve the quality of coffees regarding the analyzed parameters.Item Evaluation of arsenic and selenium in brazilian soluble coffee by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with hydride generation(Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná - Tecpar, 2001-10) Santos, Éder José dos; Oliveira, Elisabeth deA method for the evaluation of arsenic and selenium in soluble coffee by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry with continuous hydride generation to attend the Brazilian food legislation is described. Samples were digested with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a focused microwave system. Slow heating eliminated nitric acid and selenium (VI) was reduced to selenium (IV) by addition of 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid and heating at 90°C under a reflux system. The influence of sample acidity on sensitivity was investigated. Hydrochloric acid 6 mol/L was the most suitable reaction medium. Practical detection limits of 2.0μg/L for As and 1.0μg/L for Se were achieved and attended the Brazilian food legislation. The results of recoveries on spiked samples demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the procedure.