Engenharia Agrícola
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/10363
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Estimating vegetation volume of coffee crops using images from unmanned aerial vehicles(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, 2019) Cunha, João P. A. R. da; Sirqueira Neto, Matheus A.; Hurtado, Sandro M. C.Tree crops, such as Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.), present enormous technical challenges in terms of pesticide application. The correct deposition and distribution of the active ingredient throughout the aerial part of these plants depends on knowledge of the canopy volume, but manually determining this volume is time consuming and imprecise. The objectives of this study were to develop a method to determine the vegetation volume of coffee crops from digital images captured by camera onboard unmanned aerial vehicles and to compare this approach with traditional vegetation volume estimation (tree row volume (TRV) method). Manual measurements of the canopy volume of four coffee cultivation areas were compared with data obtained using the method presented in this paper. It was concluded that the vegetation volume of coffee trees, a highly important variable in defining pesticide application techniques (in addition to other uses), could be determined in a practical and precise way by digitally processing the images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles. The method is fast and permits the assessment of large areas. Furthermore, estimates based on this method and the traditional TRV method were not significantly different.Item Price and quality of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) dried using air dehumidified by convection(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, 2019) Konopatzki, Evandro A.; Christ, Divair; Coelho, Silvia R. M.; Demito, Angélica; Werncke, Ivan; Camicia, Rafaela G. da M.Grain drying processes have been improved to reduce costs and losses of coffee beverage quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the quality of coffee dried using air partially dehumidified before entering drying units (DUs) in four coffee-producing farms, as well as the effects of such process on coffee commercial value. The method consisted of obtaining three samples (triplicates) of coffee dried in both DUs and concrete terraces (control) for mean multiple comparisons. The following variables were analyzed for sieve #13 and hand-picked beans: defect number, cupping test, and pricing. Evaluations were carried out by three professional graders. The results showed that coffee dried in the DUs presented fewer broken grains, higher cupping score, and less negative factors of handsorting and defects. As a conclusion, it should be emphasized an average increase of 12.11% in price for coffee beans previously dehumidified.Item Mathematical modelling and immediate and latent quality of natural immature coffee under different drying conditions(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, 2019) Andrade, Ednilton T. de; Lemos, Isabella A.; Dias, Camila de A.; Rios, Paula de A.; Borém, Flávio M.This work aimed to study the immediate and latent effects of different relative humidities on the quality of dried coffee fruits, describe the drying kinetics of natural immature coffee (Coffea arabica L.), and evaluate the mathematical model that best fits the experimental drying data. The drying was carried out in a fixed layer dryer coupled to a composite air conditioning system in which the drying air was controlled with an air flow of 20 m3.min1.m-2, at a temperature of 40 °C, and at relative humidities of 10%, 17.5% and 32.5%. Manually harvested coffee fruits were used and dried to a mean water content of 0.120 dry basis (d.b). After drying, the kinetic curve and the physical and physiological properties were determined. The coffee was stored in permeable packs for 6 months. The electrical conductivity, potassium leaching, and colour analysis were performed every 2 months. For the modelling adjustment, the models were tested, and the Midilli model had the best fit with the drying kinetics of the immature coffee. No immediate damage was observed in the physical and physiological quality of the coffees, and latent damage was perceived after 120 days of storage for the natural immature coffees.Item Spray retention on coffee leaves associated with type and concentration of adjuvants(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, 2019) Cação, José E. da C. R.; Moreira, Bruno R. de A.; Raetano, Carlos G.; Carvalho, Fernando K.; Prado, Evandro P.Agricultural spray adjuvants (ASA) are widely used in pesticide applications to enhance the performance of pesticides. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of ASA on static surface tension (SST) and foliar spray retention on coffee leaves. The SST of ASA at different concentrations was determined by the drop weight method. Spray retention on adaxial and abaxial coffee leaf surfaces was performed using a micro-sprayer at solution concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% v v-1. The ASA assessed were: polyether-polymethylsiloxane-copolymer (PPC); Nonylphenol ethoxylate; nonyl polyethylene glycol ether; mineral oil; nonylphenoxy polyethoxy ethanol; carboxyl copolymer of styrene and butadiene; primary aliphatic oxyalkylated alcohol plus carboxyl copolymer of styrene and butadiene; and soyal phospholipids and propionic acid. All ASA reduced the SST of the aqueous solutions. PPC provided the best performance in decreasing SST, reaching values below 20 mN m-1 at a concentration of 0.05% v v-1. Spray retention on leaves was influenced by adjuvant type as well as concentration. A very strong positive correlation between SST and spray retention on coffee leaves was observed. Decreasing the SST of the solution provided a reduction of spray retention when spraying was performed until run-off point.Item Parameters of operational performance of soil preparation and semi-mechanized transplantation of coffee seedling(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, 2018-11) Cunha, João P. B.; Silva, Fabio M. da; Andrade, Ednilton T.; Barros, Murilo M. deIn recent years, the coffee has undergone major changes, and in case of transplanting operation, the use of machinery has proved to be a viable alternative to producers. Prior knowledge of the influence of the variables that influence the operational capability of these machines can generate models to estimate precisely these parameters, thus enabling the optimization and management of mechanized operations. One of this tool is the use of the response surface methodology, which allows checking the influence of different independent variables and the response generated to allow a great value. This study aims to verify the use of the response surface method to determine parameters of mechanized operations in coffee plant implantation. The results show that the number of seedlings deposited increases with the increase in operating speed. In contrast, the adoption of higher speeds decreases the efficiency of the evaluated field operations. The response surface methodology was an important tool to check the effect of variables on performance parameters, and the generated models showed high significance allowing the identification of the effects of the operational speed and the average length of the cultivation line.Item Sampling density for characterizing the physical quality of a soil under coffee cultivation in southwestern Minas Gerais(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, 2018-09) Silvero, Nélida E. Q.; Marques Júnior, José; Siqueira, Diego S.; Gomes, Romário P.; Costa, Milene M. R.The elaboration of maps to characterize the spatial variability of soil attributes assists in the strategic planning and decision making of agricultural managers. Precision and accuracy of maps are related to the ideal sampling density to characterize the variability pattern. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the sampling density to represent the variability of soil physical quality using attributes with different magnitudes of variation in an area cultivated with coffee. Three approaches were used to find the most adequate sampling density (geostatistical analysis, percentage of error associated with the sampling density, and coefficient of variation). A total of 145 soil samples were collected at a depth of 0–0.20 m at the crossing points of a regular grid with a spacing of 50 m. The percentage of clay, silt, and sand, macroporosity, microporosity, total pore volume, and soil density were determined. The data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. For elaborating the variability maps with up to 15% error and soil attributes with a coefficient of variation close to 50%, a sampling density of 3 points ha−1 is suggested.Item Physiological responses of coffee tree under different irrigation levels(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, 2018-09) Costa, Jéfferson de O.; Coelho, Rubens D.; Barros, Timóteo H. da S.; Fraga Júnior, Eusímio F.; Fernandes, André L. T.The plant water potential and the leaf temperature are physiological responses of the coffee tree that can be used as indicative of the irrigation management of this crop. There is a dependence between the leaf water potential with the potential matrix of the soil solution, however, the water potential levels found for the coffee tree show divergent relationships in the literature regarding the matrix potential. The objective of this study is to verify the water potential and leaf surface temperature in the coffee tree when submitted to different irrigation levels. The study was conducted in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, using Coffea arabica species from Red Catuaí IAC 144 variety, the drip irrigation system was adopted and the management done by tensiometry. The relationships among these physiological responses and the treatments of actions presented high determination coefficients (R2 of 0.84, 0.90 and 0.65 for the leaf water potential, leaf temperature measured with the portable infrared sensor and the thermal camera respectively). The estimated values for leaf water potential were -0.23, -0.56, -0.89 and -1.22 MPa for irrigation treatments L130%, L100%, L70% and L40%, respectively. The calculated leaf temperature values were 31.7, 32.4, 33.0 and 33.7°C in average, for treatments L130%, L100%, L70% and L40% in proper order.Item Efeito da concentração de coagulantes e do pH da solução na turbidez da água, em recirculação, utilizada no processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, 2007-05) Matos, Antonio T.; Cabanellas, Cláudia F. G.; Cecon, Paulo R.; Brasil, Mozart S.; Mudado, Cláudio S.Com o objetivo de determinar a dose e a faixa de pH dos coagulantes sulfato de alumínio (SA), sulfato ferroso clorado (SFC), cloreto férrico (CF) e extrato de semente de moringa (ESM), que proporcionassem maior eficiência na remoção da turbidez na água residuária da despolpa de frutos do cafeeiro (ARDC), após serem efetuadas cinco recirculações, foram conduzidos ensaios de coagulação/floculação utilizando o aparelho “Jar-test”. Todos esses coagulantes foram avaliados nas concentrações de 0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5 e 3,0 g L-1. No caso da solução preparada com ESM, as doses utilizadas foram: 0; 10; 20; 30; 40; 50 e 60 mL L-1. O pH da solução em teste foi alterado, utilizando-se do hidróxido de sódio (NaOH), na concentração de 0,3 mol L-1, sendo avaliadas as faixas de 4,0 a 5,0; 5,0 a 6,0; 6,0 a 7,0 e 7,0 a 8,0. No ensaio de coagulação/floculação, o ESM proporcionou maior remoção de SS (sólidos em suspensão) da ARDC com a dose de 10 mL L-1 e pH de 4,27 (natural). Para os coagulantes SA e CF, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com a concentração de 3 g L-1 e pH de 7,27 e, para o coagulante SFC, com a concentração de 3 g L-1 e pH de 4,27.Item Coeficiente de cultura (Kc) do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) no período de outono-inverno na região de Lavras - MG(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, 2007-05) Sato, Fabio A.; Silva, Antônio M. da; Coelho, Gilberto; Silva, Antônio C. da; Carvalho, Luiz G. deO balanço hídrico é de elevada importância para avaliar a intensidade das entradas e saídas de água em um volume de solo explorado por uma cultura, permitindo, ainda, estimar parâmetros característicos das suas necessidades hídricas, como a evapotranspiração e o coeficiente de cultura (Kc), que se apresentam como indicadores com significados físicos e biológicos da planta, sobretudo quando associados com o seu ciclo fenológico. Dessa forma, neste trabalho, monitorou-se o regime hídrico e climático, de abril a setembro de 2004, e estimou-se a evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) e o Kc do cafeeiro Catuaí, após quatro anos de recepa, utilizando-se do método do balanço hídrico. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o cafeeiro, após quatro anos de recepa, apresentou ETc entre 1,23 e 4,39 mm dia-1 e Kc variando de 0,59 a 1,16. O coeficiente de cultura mostrou sintonia com a fenologia do cafeeiro, sinalizando, entretanto, para a redução do período de dormência e a antecipação do período de formação de frutos e de desenvolvimento vegetativo.Item Partida de um reator anaeróbio horizontal para tratamento de efluentes do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, 2009-10) Borges, Alisson C.; Pereira, Priscila dos A.; Matos, Antonio T. deO presente estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a partida e a adaptação de um reator anaeróbio horizontal de leito fixo (RAHLF) no tratamento de águas residuárias do processamento primário dos frutos do cafeeiro (ARC). O reator foi construído com tubos de PVC de 0,2 m de diâmetro e 3,2 m de comprimento. O sistema foi preenchido com cubos de espuma de poliuretano para imobilização de biomassa ativa. O reator apresentou volume total de 0,1 m 3 e volume útil equivalente a 0,04 m 3 . Em média, houve remoção de 49% da matéria orgânica, com o reator trabalhando sob carga orgânica volumétrica média de 2,66 kg m-3 d-1 , medida como DQO. A suplementação de alcalinidade, somada à inoculação prévia de biomassa, proporcionou partida estável do RAHLF, confirmada pelo consumo de ácidos voláteis e adaptação da microbiota ao resíduo. O sistema apresentou resistência às variações de vazão e de carga orgânica observadas, e os teores de fenol e potássio monitorados não causaram inibição da atividade biológica no RAHLF. O maior controle sobre as variações de carga é fator importante na continuidade dos estudos.