Coffee Science_v.16, 2021

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/12727

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Coffee genotypes morphophysiological adaptation under coffee leaf rust biotic stress
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Viana, Mariana Thereza Rodrigues; Azevedo, Harianna Paula Alves de; Pereira, Fernanda Aparecida Castro; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Guimarães, Rubens José
The identification of morphophysiological traits responsible for a better plant behavior when infected is useful for cultivar selection, and become crucial for breeding. We investigated the morphophysiological behavior of coffee genotypes before and after inoculation with the pathogen Hemileia vastatrix, causal agent of coffee rust. With multivariate techniques we identified the characteristics that most contribute to total genetic divergence of the geno types. Ten genotypes of Coffea arabica from the Germplasm Bank of Coffee from Minas Gerais were sown in a nursery and then take to a greenhouse with controlled temperature and humidity. After one month of acclimatization, the artificial inoculation with the fungus H. vastatrix was carried out. The anatomical and physiological evaluations were performed 1 day before inoculation and 160 days after inoculation. When the first symptom emerged, plants were evaluated according to a descriptive scale for coffee rust. We observed significant differences in rust severity and ostiole opening between genotypes. Different groups were formed by the K-means method, based on morphophysiological characteristics. This shows that genetic variability exists between the coffee genotypes evaluated before and after inoculation with the pathogen. The most important characteristics that contributed to the total genetic divergence were xylem vessel diameter and stomatal conductance. In conclusion, inoculation with H. vastatrix caused a change in coffee geno types based on morphophysiological characteristics.
Environmental stratification and performance of Coffea canephora clones grown in the Western Amazon
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Moraes, Marcos Santana; Rocha, Rodrigo Barros; Ferreira, Fábio Medeiros; Souza, Carolina Augusto de; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; Teixeira, Alexsandro Lara
Change in the performance of clones grown in different environments is an important question for Coffea canephora breeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental stratification and the performance of C. canephora clones grown in the Western Amazon. For that purpose, the mean yield of three crop seasons was considered to evaluate the performance of 20 genotypes grown in 6 clonal competition trials in the environments of: E1: Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO, E2: Porto Velho-RO, E3: Ariquemes-RO, E4 and E5: Rio Branco-AC and E6: Alta Floresta do Oeste-RO. The trials were conducted with a plant spacing of 3 m × 1.5 m in a complete block experimental design, with three replications of eight plants per plot. Combined analysis indicated significance of the genotype × environment (G×E) interaction and favorable conditions to obtain gains from selection. Reduction in the dimensionality estimated from climate and soil characteristics indicated that the environments of Porto Velho-RO, Rio Branco-AC and Ariquemes-RO are more similar to each other than the environments of Ouro Preto do Oeste-RO and Alta Floresta-RO of greater natural soil fertility and higher altitude. The AMMI1 biplot shows that genotypes 16, 10, and 13 had the highest mean yields, together with greater stability. In the AMMI2 scatterplot (IPCA1×IPCA2), the environ ments E4 and E5 were clustered in the same sector. Clustering based on the complex fraction of the G×E interaction coincided with the AMMI2 scatterplot that clustered the E4 and E5 environments in a single mega-environment. Except for these environments, all the others clustered as locations of different biotic and abiotic stress conditions. This result shows the importance of maintaining evaluations in these environments, which represent the conditions of the coffee fields in the region.
Evaluation of agronomic performance of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) cultivars in Gamo and Gofa, southern Ethiopia
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Zebire, Degife; Fetena, Seifu; Shara, Sabura
Ethiopia is identified as a primary centre of Arabica coffee plant origin and genetic diversity. Climatic variations, varietal differences, soil type, mulching, shade, the farming method used, pruning, and other cultural practices are the major factors that affect the development of plants including coffee. Amongst the various factors for having a good yield of coffee is growing of coffee plant in its specific agro-ecologies which has a great contribution to both the life span of the coffee trees and its yield. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of different released and local Arabica coffee varieties across two locations at Gamo and Gofa zones, Southern Ethiopia. The varieties which were used for the study were transplanted in 2014 and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications across locations. The varieties were planted at a spacing of 2m by 2m between plants and rows, respectively and were evaluated for growth, yield and yield components. The analysis of variance performed for average internodes number, canopy diameter, height up to the primary branch, length of the primary branch, number of branches on the main stem and total height of coffee plant showed significant variations across locations. From the present evaluation, it was noted that the highest Clean Coffee Yield (16.6 and 14.2 quintal per hectare) was scored by coffee cultivars F-59 and 1377A, respectively. Moreover, because of the low quality of coffee delivered to the market, the coffee produced in the Gamo Gofa area (garden coffee) is categorized under forest coffee at the national level. If the quality is improved, the coffee in the area would have its appropriate brand name and the growers and traders can get better returns from their investment. Therefore, those varieties investigated are good candidates for future coffee cup quality analysis.
MGS Aranãs: the new Arabica coffee cultivar developed by Epamig with wide adaptation
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Botelho, Cesar Elias; Abrahão, Juliana Costa de Rezende; Pereira, Antônio Alves; Oliveira, Antônio Carlos Baião de; Carvalho, Gladyston Rodrigues; Ferreira, André Dominghetti
This paper describes the MGS Aranãs cultivar (H32-11-17-4-2-MS-MS) resulting from a cross between the cultivars Icatu 3851-2 and Catimor. The MGS Aranãs cultivar is characterized by small size, ripe red fruits, large seeds, coffee leaf rust resistance, an architecture suitable for densification, production stability, and high beverage quality. This new cultivar is recommended for the Sul de Minas, Cerrado Mineiro and Vale do Jequitinhonha regions.
Physiological aspects and yield in coffee progenies with large beans
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Pavan, João Paulo Silva; Santos, Cyntia Stephânia dos; Freitas, Ana Flávia de; Carvalho, Samuel Pereira de; Carvalho, Gladyston Rodrigues
Genetic coffee breeding is aimed at increasing yield associated with tolerance or resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, besides providing a better beverage quality and supplying the demand for bigger beans. The efficiency in photosynthetic activity can limit produce and diversify genotypes, mainly under adverse environmental conditions. Consequently, the importance of selection of Coffea arabica L. regarding these characteristics stands out. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to measure the physiological characterization and yield of Coffea arabica L. progenies with large beans “Big Coffee VL”. Twelve productive progenies were selected and classified according to fruit size (“small”, “medium” and “large”), which were: S14, S23, S34, S36, M4, M5, M14, M20, L10, L12, L17 and L31. Net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), water use efficiency (WUE), internal carbon (Ci), intercellular CO2 concentration in the mesophyll were evaluated on the current external CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca), besides vapor pressure deficit (VPD), leaf temperature (Tleaf), indirect determination of the relative levels of chlorophylls a, b and total, in addition to bean yield in two crops. The Tocher grouping resulted in the formation of 4 groups, and progenies M4, L10 and S34 remained in isolated groups.Progeny L10 stood out for higher mean values of A, gs and Ci; the opposite behavior was observed in progeny S34. Progeny M4 is noteworthy as the one with the highest yield in the two years considered, in addition to presenting high photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll indexes. It is concluded that the progenies of “Big Coffee VL” show variability for physiological parameters and productivity. Progenies S14, M4 and L10 stood out, and S14 was more efficient in the use of water; M4 was the most productive and L10 stood out in terms of gas exchange.