Coffee Science_v.16, 2021

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/12727

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Alternative treatments diminish oviposition and viability of Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) eggs and larvae on coffee plants
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Androcioli, Humberto Godoy; Hoshino, Adriano Thibes; Meneghin, Ana Maria; Ventura, Mauricio Ursi; Guide, Bruna Aparecida; Hata, Fernando Teruhiko; Menezes Junior, Ayres de Oliveira
The effects of alternative treatments on the oviposition and viability of Leucoptera coffeella eggs and larvae were evaluated. Under controlled conditions, coffee sprouts cv. IAPAR-59, eight months old, were sprayed with brown propolis extract (1%), pyroligneous extract with pepper and garlic (PEPG) (2%), silicate clay (2%), kaolin (5%), lime sulfur (2%), neem oil (1%) and kaolin + neem oil (5% + 1%), distilled water and no treatment. In a first no-choice bioassay, coffee sprouts were sprayed before oviposition and kept in cages, where adult insects within three days after emergence were released. Adults remained in the cages for 24 hours. Eggs were then counted. 10 eggs per sprout were preserved to verify larval mortality. The number of eggs when treated with propolis extract, neem oil, kaolin + neem oil and PEPG decreased in the evaluations. Treatments with neem oil caused greater larval hindrance. Eggs laid on leaves were also sprayed with the treatments. Egg viability was reduced by treatments containing neem oil and lime sulfur. Neem oil treatments resulted in slim adult emergence; intermediate viability with lime sulfur and slight hindrance with silicate clay. Finally, treatments were also sprayed on leaves, hosting first or third instar larvae. Neem treatment caused high mortality for 1st and 3rd instar larvae, however, this effect was reduced when mixed with kaolin. Nonetheless, these negative effects disappeared when considering the adult survival ratio. Results indicated that propolis extract, PEPG and neem oil treatments are suitable for reducing egg deposition, neem oil considerably diminished larvae survival and adult emergence.
Analysis of arabica coffee productivity due to shading, pruning, and coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizers treatments
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Karim, Abubakar; Hifnalisa, Hifnalisa; Manfarizah, Manfarizah
Arabica coffee productivity can be increased through improved cultivation techniques. This research aims to analyze Arabica coffee production to treat shad ing, pruning, and coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizer application. The research was carried out in two stages, in the first stage a field survey was conducted to determine the relatively uniform land and plant characteristics, while in the second stage was the application of coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizer and pruning of shaded and non-shaded coffee plants by using farmer’s method and the recommended methods by the authors. The application of coffee pulp-husk or ganic fertilizer consists of 0, 2.50, 5.00, and 7.50 kg tree-1, which is equivalent to 0, 4, 8, and 12 tons ha-1 respectively. This research was arranged in a split-plot design, with shades placed in the main plot, while pruning and the application of coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizer in the subplots. The variables observed were the number of redcherries tree-1, greenbean (dry bean) production, and rendement (yield) production at 14% moisture content. Furthermore, the best effect and treatment were determined using variance analysis and the least significant difference (LSD). The result showed that shade only affected rende ment production at 14% moisture content, coffee with shade is better than no shade, pruning affected the number of redcherries and greenbean production. Furthermore, the recommended pruning was better than farmer pruning, while coffee pulp-husk organic fertilizer affected all observed variables. Therefore, the best dose is 7.50 kg tree-1 (12 ton ha-1) because the treatment combination (SxPxF) affected only greenbean production.
Best time and doses to associate chemical and biological control of the coffee berry borer in highland region, Brazil
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Krohling, Cesar Abel; Fornazier, Maurício José; Mendonça, Pedro Luís Paulino de; Guarçoni, Rogério Carvalho; Martins, David dos Santos; Alixandre, Fabiano Tristão; Dias, Rodrigo da Silva; Rodrigues, Fernanda Latanze Mendes
The coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) causes significant damage to yield and quality of coffee beans. Cultural measures are important however, chemical and biological control must be adopted within an integrated CBB management system in order to prevent its damage mainly in larger areas. This study aimed to evaluate different doses and times of spray of the chemical insecticide metaflumizone and its association to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana as a tool to the management of CBB in Arabica coffee. The study was carried out in a high dense crop of Arabica coffee cultivar Catuaí Vermelho at 700 m altitude in the highlands of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with eleven treatments, four replications and plots of ten plants. Seven evaluations were carried out by sampling the berries in the upper, middle and two sides of the coffee trees. Metaflumizone at a total dose of 3.5 L ha-1 showed high performance for the control of CBB under field conditions in regions of high altitude. The association of metaflumizone with B. bassiana reduced a mean of 88.5% the infestation level of CBB in the post-harvested coffee beans and it can be used as one of the tools for the Integrated Management of CBB under field conditions. Beauveria bassiana can be associated with metaflumizone to control CBB as a complementary spray in March and at a dose of 2.0 kg ha-1 and should be also used in the Integrated Management of CBB. The monitoring of CBB population must be carried out and the first spraying with chemical or biological insecticide must be started at the recommended control level and in the transit season of CBB when flying adults are exposed.
Biology and fertility of Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) at 16 °C under laboratory conditions
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Jaramillo, Marisol Giraldo; Machado, Pablo Benavides
The coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari, 1867) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the main insect pests of coffee crops worldwide. The present research determined the biological parameters of CBB at 16 °C under laboratory conditions. Development time (egg to adult) was 119.3±1.02 days, with 41% survival, and 20.37 eggs.female-1 for a period of 120 days. The biological aptitude of CBB is negatively affected to 16 °C, when compared with temperatures between 18–28 °C.
Classification of the maturity stage of coffee cherries using comparative feature and machine learning
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Velásquez, Sebastián; Franco, Arlet Patricia; Peña, Néstor; Bohórquez, Juan Carlos; Gutiérrez, Nelson
This work presents the use of multiple techniques (i.e., physicochemical and spectral) applied to harvested coffee cherries for the postharvest classification of the maturity stage. The moisture content (MC), total soluble solids (TSS), bulk density, fruits’ hardness, CIEL*a*b parameters and the dielectric spectroscopy methods were applied on coffee cherries at seven maturity stages. These maturity stages were assessed according to the days after flowering (DAF) and the physical appearance as traditionally performed by growers. An increase of the green-to-red ratio (i.e., a*) parameter was perceived, accompanied by a monotonic response for the hardness, TSS and bulk density with a maximum moisture content at stage 5. In the case of the dielectric spectroscopy technique, the loss parameter presented higher losses for unripe stages at the ionic conduction region. To compare the individual performance of each of the techniques, three machine learning methods were used: random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and k-nearest neighbours (k-NN). The meta-parameters for these techniques were optimized for each case to achieve the best performance possible. Furthermore, as the dielectric response is of spectral nature, recursive feature selection was applied and the 500 MHz to 1.3 GHz frequency range selected for the task. The highest performance was obtained for the colorimetric (75.1%) and hardness (72.5%) responses, while the lowest was obtained for the moisture content (45.5%). The dielectric spectroscopy response presented a promising response (56.8%), that achieved a clear separation of unripe from ripe stages, except for stage 5 in which some of the samples were classified as stage 2. Most techniques studied are compatible with field conditions, and the dielectric technique shows potential to be transferred based on available software-radio defined platforms.
Coffee genotypes morphophysiological adaptation under coffee leaf rust biotic stress
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Viana, Mariana Thereza Rodrigues; Azevedo, Harianna Paula Alves de; Pereira, Fernanda Aparecida Castro; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Guimarães, Rubens José
The identification of morphophysiological traits responsible for a better plant behavior when infected is useful for cultivar selection, and become crucial for breeding. We investigated the morphophysiological behavior of coffee genotypes before and after inoculation with the pathogen Hemileia vastatrix, causal agent of coffee rust. With multivariate techniques we identified the characteristics that most contribute to total genetic divergence of the geno types. Ten genotypes of Coffea arabica from the Germplasm Bank of Coffee from Minas Gerais were sown in a nursery and then take to a greenhouse with controlled temperature and humidity. After one month of acclimatization, the artificial inoculation with the fungus H. vastatrix was carried out. The anatomical and physiological evaluations were performed 1 day before inoculation and 160 days after inoculation. When the first symptom emerged, plants were evaluated according to a descriptive scale for coffee rust. We observed significant differences in rust severity and ostiole opening between genotypes. Different groups were formed by the K-means method, based on morphophysiological characteristics. This shows that genetic variability exists between the coffee genotypes evaluated before and after inoculation with the pathogen. The most important characteristics that contributed to the total genetic divergence were xylem vessel diameter and stomatal conductance. In conclusion, inoculation with H. vastatrix caused a change in coffee geno types based on morphophysiological characteristics.
Coffee seedling growthafter legume cultivation in soils with contrasting phosphorus contents
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Pereira, Djalma Silva; Costa, Liovando Marciano da; Carmo, Davi Lopes do; Rocha, Ana Caroline Teixeira; Pereira, Antônio Alves
Coffee seedling growth depends on soil phosphorus (P) availability and may be influenced by from pre-cultivation with legumes. Efficient and sustainable ways to increase the bioavailability of P through the recovery of P adsorbed by the soil matrix should be sought. This study proposed to evaluate the growth and P-use efficiency of coffee seedlings cultivated in soils with different P availability after cultivation with legumes. The experiment was carried out in a fully randomized design. Treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme [(2 x 4) + 1]: two soil types, pre-cultivation with four legume species, and one control (without pre-cultivation). The studied soils comprised a Typical Acriferic Red Oxisol (LVwf) with low-P availability and a Typical Chernossolic Litholytic Entisol (RLm) with high-P availability. The legume species Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, and Mucuna aterrima were previously cultivated for 45 days. Afterwards, coffee seedlings were transplanted to the pots, which were then grown for 120 days until evaluations. We assessed the following parameters: plant height (H), stem diameter (SD), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), total dry matter (TDM), and shoot contents of macronutrients. Our results showed that coffee seedlings grew more when cultivated in the high-P availability soil, with increments of 13.05% in H, 4.86% in SD, 46.98% in SDM, 17.61% in RDM, and 41.80% in TDM.We also observed an increase of 28.09% in shoot P contents for coffee seedlings grown in RLm. Moreover, pre-cultivation with C. juncea provided the largest increases in coffee seedling growth compared to the control. When grown after C. ensiformis cultivation, coffee seedlings had the highest shoot contents of P, Ca, Mg, and S, which, compared to control, increased by 45%, 39%, 18%, and 17%, respectively.
Cold coffee beverages extracted by cold and hot methods: composition and sensory acceptance by youngers
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Violin, João Leonardo; Acre, Lucas Bonfanti; Francisco, Julyene Silva; Mori, André Luiz Buzzo; Benassi, Marta de Toledo
Brazil is the second largest coffee consumer in the world, however, the participation of the young public in this market is not very expressive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of non-sensory (packaging color, information, and images) and brewing methods (hot or cold extraction) on the acceptance of cold coffee beverages by young consumers. A coffee:water ratio of 1:10 (w:v) and infusion during 4 min and 24 h was used for both hot and cold extractions, respectively. Hot extraction was performed at 95 °C, then cooled in a refrigerator and served at 6 to 10 °C, the same temperature that the cold extraction was performed and served. The beverages were characterized by composition and extraction yield. The packaging of the beverages was designed aiming to appeal to the young Brazilian public (15 to 24 years old), and it was used for the Expectation Evaluation. The type of extraction (hot or cold) produced beverages with differences in composition but with similar acceptance. Except for pH (average value of 5.1), the beverages differed in all the studied parameters. Hot-extracted beverages (iced coffees) had higher contents of caffeine, chlorogenic acids, and melanoidins (92.9, 258.2, and 360.8∙10-6 kg 100 mL-1, respectively); they also presented higher acidity (3.4 mL of NaOH 20 mL-1) as well as higher yield compared to the cold-extracted beverages (cold brews). The use on product labels of brown and black colors, coffee bean images, and the inclusion of information regarding the bever ages (extraction method, consumption temperature, non-addition of sugar) generated a positive expectation that was assimilated by the young public. In conclusion, both proposals of cold coffee beverages (by hot or cold extraction) were well accepted considering their sensory and non-sensory aspects.
Cold coffee seeds storage with different water content
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Penido, Amanda Carvalho; Reis, Venícius Urbano Vilela; Rezende, Édila Maria de; Rocha, Debora Kelli; Oliveira, João Almir; Rosa, Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco da
Coffee seeds are classified as intermediate because they have low tolerance to desiccation and low longevity. Consequently, moisture control and storage conditions are important factors in maintaining the physiological quality of these seeds. Thus, the objective in this work was to evaluate the water content effect on coffee seed longevity. Seeds of five Coffea arabica cultivars from the 2016/2017 crop were used. Part of the harvested seeds was dried in the shade until reach 12% moisture and the other part did not go through drying process, remaining with 40% water content. The seeds were stored in a cold chamber at 10 ºC for a period of nine months, and the physiological quality was evaluated every three months by germination, root protrusion, seedlings with expanded cotyledonary leaves, seedling dry mass and enzymatic analysis of catalase enzymes and superoxide dismutase. Regardless of the cultivar, wet seeds coffee storage provides better maintenance of physiological quality for up to nine months. Seedling vigor is reduced throughout the storage period, regardless of seed water content.
Comparision of different application methods to biological control Hypothenemus hampei
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Pereira, Raquel Moraes Costa; Almeida, José Eduardo Marcondes de; Batista Filho, Antonio
There are several studies that deal with the problem of infestation by Hypothenemus hampei in Coffeea arabica. However, the ways of applying products based on entomopathogenic fungi are the same as those used for chemicals. The objective of the research was to comparison different methods of application of Beauveria bassiana against H. hampei. The experiments were developed in laboratory, with blastospores and B. bassiana airborne conidia powders were carried out. Application methods based on immersion, Potter Spray Tower and walking on treated surface. Were three experiments were carried out for each method. Bioassays’design comprised seven treatments (including the control), with five repetitions (each) and 25 beetles per repetition. Suspensions were standardized at 2.4×109, 1×109, 5×108, 1×108, 5×107 and 1×107conidia.mL-1. Conidia powder presented initial concentration of 1.14×1010and it was standardized at 1.14×109; 5.7×109; 1.14×108; 5.7×107; 1.14×107 and 5.7×106 conidia.g-1. A simultaneous test was also carried out based to the three application methods; treatment comprised conidia powder concentration of 1x108 and the control. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, which was followed by Tukey test (P<0.05) and, CL50, in the SPSS 12.1 software. The mortality better rates of H. hampei exposed to B. bassiana IBCB66 were1×108(immersion), 1×109 (Potter Spray Tower) and 1×108(walking), where as mean LC50were 6.1×108, 4.1×108, 2.4×108conidia.mL-1for each method, respectively. The highest mortality rate was recorded in the walking tests on the conidian powder at a concentration of 1×108 conidia.g-1 for the three repetitions of the method and also in the simultaneous test.
Control of Digitaria insularis resistant to glyphosate using a combination of herbicides in coffee farms
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Onofre, Luís Carlos; Onofre, Thiago Borba; Rezende, Tiago Teruel
Coffee has a significant economic, social, and cultural impact on Brazilian society, generating jobs for thousands of Brazilians. Good management practices such as weed control have direct and indirect benefits on coffee yield and quality. Currently, there is an increase in the infestation rate of Digitaria insularis in coffee plantations due to chemical resistance to glyphosate. In the literature, the study of the combination of glyphosate with different herbicides has been investigated, aiming at improving the efficiency of the control of D. insularis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of control of the D. insularis in a coffee farm using a combination of glyphosate with clethodim and phenoxaprope-p-ethyl. Trials were conducted in a commercial coffee farm in southern Minas Gerais in a field with a two-year-old cultivar IAC Catuaí 144. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications, totaling 20 experimental plots. Thirty and ninety days after application, the number of plant were counted. The results show that the use of glyphosate alone was not efficient to control of D. insularis. The results show that the herbicide mixtures were efficient in the control.
Cup of excellence and the evolution of the brazilian specialty coffee market: a historical perspective
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Maciel, Gustavo Nunes; Leme, Paulo Henrique Montagnana Vicente; Guimarães, Elisa Reis; Maciel, Fernanda Nunes
Over its more than 20 years of existence, the Cup of Excellence program has contributed in several ways to the expansion of the Brazilian and global specialty coffee market. Therefore, the aim of this research is to demonstrate, from a historical perspective, the role of the COE in the development of the Brazilian specialty coffee market. To this end, a timeline was drawn up with the main events in the Brazilian specialty coffee market from the late 1980s to the present time. Documentary and bibliographical research was used. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted. Based on the results, it is evident that the technical legacy left by the COE changed the specialty coffee market not only in Brazil but throughout the world. The results also show that the forms, protocols and rules that regulated the competition’s editions had an impact on the entire market, including production processes and consumption trends.
Decomposition and nutrients released from forest and perennial crops associated with organic coffee
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Araujo, João Batista Silva; Silva, Matheus Wandermurem da; Lima, Wallace Luís de; Pereira, Ana Claudia Hertel; Endringer, Denise Coutinho; Souza, Jacimar Luís de
Agroforestry consortia increase organic matter and nutrient cycling in agricultural systems. For this reason, the objective of this work was to study the release rate of nutrients and the decomposition of different organic residues, two times of the year, obtained from four cultures intercropped with conilon coffee, aiming to relate the released nutrients to the coffee needs. The decomposition of organic matter residues and the release of nutrients from Inga edulis, Musa spp, Gliricidia sepium, and Bactris gasipaes were evaluated in two different periods. I. edulis residues with a higher amount of polyphenols, and those of Musa spp, with a higher C/N ratio, showed slow decomposition. The decomposition rates were lower in experiments started in March and higher in August. Inga and banana have high residual values of nutrients at 270 days in the decomposition started in March.
Denomination of origin ‘Café del Huila’ and dynamics of coffee growing in Colombia
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Trujillo, Heiber Andres; Mitidieri, Francisco José; Hashimoto, Elizabeth Mie
The state of Huila in Colombia has a Geographical Indication –IG through the denomination of origin - DO ‘Café del Huila’. Although these protection strategies have been promoted, no concrete studies have been reported on aspects of their implementation in the coffee agribusiness. The main goal of this research was to study the coffee with the denomination of origin ‘Café del Huila’ from 2010 to the present, through economic and performance indicators, seeking to identify the main impacts in this sector of agriculture. The research was carried out in two stages: In stage I - an analysis of the area indicators and coffee production in Colombia and an analysis of the performance of coffee growing in the state of Huila related to; municipalities, producers, farms and area. In stage II - the characterization of the denomination of origin was carried out in accordance with the methodology proposed by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations - FAO (2018) and analysis of its implementation. The coffee agribusiness in Colombia showed variable dynamics in the different regions of the country, with a tendency to decrease the planted area and variability of production. The state of Huila showed significant growth both in the area planted and in production, which place it as one of the main coffee producers in the country. However, this sector presents few indicators of impact on the implementation of the geographical indication through the appellation of origin.
Determination of physical and chemical quality of coffee beans under improved potassium fertilization managements
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Moreira, Diulie Talita; Mellis, Estêvão Vicari; Giomo, Gerson Silva; Teixeira, Luiz Antonio Junqueira; Cavalli, Edilson; Ramos, Lucas Ferreira
Coffee quality is the key attribute for establishing its price and commercialization. As the classification of coffee quality is a complex process, mainly based on a subjective judgment, difficult to define and measure, a complementary approach to the current procedures involving physical and chemical methods would bring more effectiveness to the process of quality determination. The chemical composition of the coffee bean is influenced by several factors, among them the nutritional management of coffee trees and, the use of potassium chloride (KCl), which has intensified losses in bean quality due to excessive chlorine in its composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of sources and forms of K application in the quality of beans, and assessment of methodologies for determination of physical and chemical qualities of beans. The experiment was conducted with Yellow Ca tuaí cultivar, from 2017 to 2019, in a randomized experimental block design with five replicates. Six treatments were applied, containing proportions of KCl/K2SO4, as follows: T1-100% KCl; T2-75%/25%; T3-50%/50%; T4-25%/75%; T5-100% of K2SO4 and T6-100% of KCl + two foliar K2SO4 applications. The variables addressed in the study were sensory analysis, screen of beans, electrical conductivity (EC), potassium leaching (KL), titratable total acidity (TTA), and coffee bean color. It was verified that KL, EC, and other chromatic parameters were efficient in detecting alterations on coffee bean caused by the use of KC1. Total (T5) or partial (T4) replacement of KC1 by K2SO4 applied to soil improved chemical characteristics and color of coffee beans. Supplemental foliar fertilization with K2SO4 (T6) was efficient to minimize deleterious effects of KCl on quality of coffee beans, improving beverage quality and grain size, especially in high productive harvests.
Development of coffee seedlings with biostimulants
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Moreira, Wanderson Lopes; Ferraz-Almeida, Risely
Sustainable coffee production has become an alternative to aggregate value to coffee. Biostimulants are presented to increasing coffee quality and production. This study aims to compare and evaluate the application of biostimulants in the initial development of coffee seedlings. An experiment was carried out with applications of biostimulants: (i) 4-indole-3-ylbutyric acid + gibberellic acid + cinetina, AIA+AG+C; (ii) foliar fertilizer + algae, F+A; (iii) vegetal extracts + gibberellic acid, EV+AA. After 94 days of applying the biostimulants, monitored the length of the aerial part (LAP), the number of leaves (NL), stem diameter, root biomass (pivoting, auxiliary and total). Results showed that the F+A promoted the greatest LAP, NL, and root biomass. AIA+AG+C showed similar performance as F+A in NL. There was a higher production of auxiliary roots with biostimulants impacting positively on plant paraments. Given the results, we concluded that biostimulants based on mixed foliar fertilizer + algae demonstrated to be a better alternative to increasing the devel opment of the aerial and root part of coffee seedlings.
Development of suitable formula for ready-to-drink healthy mixture of chicory and coffee
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Charoenphun, Narin; Puttha, Ratchanee
Chicory root coffee currently gains popularity as a coffee substitute because of its health benefits. The purpose of this research is to develop ready-todrink healthy mixture of chicory and coffee (RDHCC) products. Fifteen trained panelists were invited to evaluate the aroma intensity 6 ratios of chicory and coffee mixture by sensory rating scales on a straight line at the distance of 150 mm. The ratio of 2:3 of chicory and coffee had the highest rating. The ratio was further used for development of RDHCC recipes consisting of chicory-coffee mixture, coffee creamer and sugar. Nine recipes were evaluated by 9-point hedonic scale with twenty trained panelists, and the best recipe was obtained from the ingredients of 15% chicory-coffee mixture, 32.5% coffee creamer and 52.5% sugar. Other ingredients were investigated to replace coffee creamer, and soybean milk powder had the highest overall liking score (7.45±0.94) and it was not significant different from 8.15±1.09 of coffee creamer. Other sweeteners were included in the recipe to replace sugar, and stevia extract had the highest overall liking score (7.30±1.00), which was not different from 7.45±0.94 of sugar. Herbs were finally incorporated into the RDHCC recipe, and cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris) had the highest overall liking score (7.15 ± 1.04), which was not different from that of the original recipe without herb. The RDHCC products developed by the project are promising for commercialization to serve the demand for coffee with low calorie, low caffeine intake and health benefits.
Effect of roast degree, preparation method, and variety in the sensory and chemical characteristics of coffee (coffea arabica): a mid-infrared spectrum analysis
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Barrios-Rodríguez, Yeison Fernando; Córdoba, Gisela-Andrea; Bahamón-Monje, Andrés Felipe; Gutiérrez-Guzmán, Nelson
In coffee beverages, there are several factors that affect the final compounds and generate sensory variations. This study evaluated the effect of five preparation methods, three roast degrees, and three different varieties (coffea arabica) on the physicochemical compounds of coffee (coffea arabica) be fore and after preparation by using information obtained from the mid-infrared spectrum. The effect on some sensory attributes was assessed by means of a panel of 54 habitual coffee consumers. Spectrum data were processed using hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA), while a mixed general linear model was applied for sensory analysis. The results showed that each factor behaves independently, showing a significant effect (p < 0.05) on a greater number of attributes. The preparation method and the roast degree are attributed to the changes generated in the chemical character istics of coffee during these processes. Through the analysis of the infrared spectrum (IR) by hierarchical cluster, it was found that, before the preparation of the coffee drinks, the samples are grouped by roast degree, regardless of the type of variety. Spectrum analysis by PCA after brewing indicated that there is a greater effect of the roast degree and variety of coffee (coffea arabica) on the chemical markers of the IR spectra. Finally, wavelengths 1,800, 1,740, 1,650, 1,550, 1,480, 1,150, and 710 cm-1, which had a greater contribution in the PCA and allowed the evaluated samples to be grouped differently, are those related to non-volatile compounds such as caffeine, chlorogenic acids, and trigonelline, which provide sensory characteristics to the final drink.
Effect of tropical millipede Rhinocricus botocudus in the degradation and maturity of coffee residues
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Silva, Victor Maurício da; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; Marin, Ericka Broetto; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá
In Brazil, approximately 3 tons of dry mass per hectare of coffee residues (CR), formed by leaves and branches <5 mm in diameter, were accumulated around the crops in the last harvests of the semi-mechanized crops. Thus, the production of substrates and organic fertilizers from the bioconversion of residues of coffee activity is an important theme in Brazil and in the world. The objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the tropical millipede Rhinocricus botocudus on the degradation and maturity of coffee residues (CR). The presence or absence of R. botocudus were tested in five sampling times (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days) with three replicates (n = 3). The analyzed variables were: total C and N contents, lignin, cellulose, soluble C and N, soluble polyphenols, C of humic substances, and infrared analysis of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA). At the final incubation stage (120 days), the lowest values of cellulose, cellulose/lignin, and polyphenols occurred with R. botocudus. Infrared analysis of HA demonstrated that readily biode gradable structures, such as alcohols and short chain aliphatic molecules, were decomposed over time, consequently reflecting the increase of aromatic structures of greater stability. Compared to the control, these changes in HA were more evident in the presence of R. botocudus. The results of the present study suggest that this millipede species modify the dynamics of degradation and humification of CR by accelerating the maturity of this residue.
Effectiveness and selectivity of herbicides applied under pre-emergence conditions in weed management for coffee crop
(Editora UFLA, 2021) Gonçalves Netto, Acácio; Presoto, Jéssica Cursino; Resende, Laís Sousa; Malardo, Marcelo Rafael; Andrade, Jeisiane de Fátima; Nicolai, Marcelo; Carvalho, Saul Jorge Pinto de; Rodrigues, Matheus Rossi; Marçal, Marcela Borges Tomás
The coffee plant is sensitive to weed competition, which negatively affects its growth and development. Thus, the proper and safe use of herbicides is extremely important for weed management to allow the crop to develop its maximum productive potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the control efficacy of different herbicides under pre-emergence conditions and assess their selectivity for coffee crops. Two experiments were carried out in the field, in randomized block designs, with four replicates and eight treatments, totaling 32 experimental plots. The treatments were: unweeded control; weeded control; sulfentrazone + diuron 1.4 L ha-1; sulfentrazone + diuron 1.7 L ha-1; sulfentrazone + diuron 2.0 L ha-1; sulfentrazone + diuron with indaziflam 1.4 + 0.15 L ha-1; respectively, indaziflam 0.15 L ha-1; and oxyfluorfen + chlorimuron 3.0 L ha-1 + 0.08 kg ha-1, respectively. The treatments were applied prior to the emergence of weeds in a directed spray between the crop rows. Evaluations of weed control in the area, phytotoxicity to the crop, branch length, and internode distance of coffee were conducted at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after treatment application (DAA). In general, all treatments guaranteed greater than 80% efficacy up to 60 DAA. After this, some treatments suffered reductions in efficacy, and did not guarantee satisfactory con trol up to 120 DAA. For Digitaria nuda, the most effective treatments were those that contained indaziflam alone or in combination with sulfentrazone + diuron, and oxyfluorfen + chlorimuron for 60 DAA. In both experiments and the two species analyzed, the indaziflam treatments guaranteed efficacy percentages above 80%, even at 120 DAA. All treatments were equally selective for the coffee plants under the conditions evaluated.