Coffee Science_v.16, 2021
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/12727
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Resultados da Pesquisa
Item Low concentration fertigation solution allows greater macronutrient use efficiency in coffee seedlings(Editora UFLA, 2021) Rosa, Kelly Martins; Paiva, Paulo Eduardo Branco; Coelho, Victor Peçanha de Miranda; Carvalho, Mychelle; Assis, Henrico Luis Bizão deCoffee seedling production in cone-shaped containers and substrate results in lower sanitary risk and costs. With the use of small containers and sub strates with low fertilizer levels, fertigation is necessary for seedling development. An experiment was carried out with three macronutrient concentra tions (electrical conductivities of 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 dS m-1) and a non-fertilized control using Coffea arabica cv. Topázio seedlings in 50 cm3 cone-shaped containers and composted pine bark-based substrate. The following fertilizers (expressed in g m-3 of water) were used in the nutrient solution with EC of 1.0 dS m-1: Ca(NO3)2 (400), KNO3 (250), MgSO4 (175), (NH4)PO4 (50) and ConMicros Standard® (25). In the solutions with 2.0 and 3.0 dS m-1, macronutrient concentration was doubled and tripled, while micronutrients remained the same. At four months we assessed EC and pH of the solution drained, shoot dry mass, shoot nutrient concentration and accumulation and macronutrient use efficiency. Fertigation with 1.0 and 2.0 dS m-1 produced seedlings with greater mass (+10%) than fertigation with 3.0 dS m-1, while higher macronutrient supplies increased shoot N, P, K, Mg and S concentration. Fertigation with 2.0 dS m-1 caused greater shoot N, P, K and Ca accumulation and this conductivity also resulted in higher accumulation of B, Fe, Mn and Zn without increasing the micronutrient supply. The response to the increase in Ca in the nutrient solution is evident in the accumulation of this nutrient in the plant but not its concentration, possibly due to the dilution effect. Micronutrient accumulation in this species is also more adequate for determining nutritional status than the concentration in the plant. The least concentrated macronutrient solution increases nutrient use efficiency in C. arabica seedlings as well as being economically and environmentally more sustainable.Item Cold coffee beverages extracted by cold and hot methods: composition and sensory acceptance by youngers(Editora UFLA, 2021) Violin, João Leonardo; Acre, Lucas Bonfanti; Francisco, Julyene Silva; Mori, André Luiz Buzzo; Benassi, Marta de ToledoBrazil is the second largest coffee consumer in the world, however, the participation of the young public in this market is not very expressive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of non-sensory (packaging color, information, and images) and brewing methods (hot or cold extraction) on the acceptance of cold coffee beverages by young consumers. A coffee:water ratio of 1:10 (w:v) and infusion during 4 min and 24 h was used for both hot and cold extractions, respectively. Hot extraction was performed at 95 °C, then cooled in a refrigerator and served at 6 to 10 °C, the same temperature that the cold extraction was performed and served. The beverages were characterized by composition and extraction yield. The packaging of the beverages was designed aiming to appeal to the young Brazilian public (15 to 24 years old), and it was used for the Expectation Evaluation. The type of extraction (hot or cold) produced beverages with differences in composition but with similar acceptance. Except for pH (average value of 5.1), the beverages differed in all the studied parameters. Hot-extracted beverages (iced coffees) had higher contents of caffeine, chlorogenic acids, and melanoidins (92.9, 258.2, and 360.8∙10-6 kg 100 mL-1, respectively); they also presented higher acidity (3.4 mL of NaOH 20 mL-1) as well as higher yield compared to the cold-extracted beverages (cold brews). The use on product labels of brown and black colors, coffee bean images, and the inclusion of information regarding the bever ages (extraction method, consumption temperature, non-addition of sugar) generated a positive expectation that was assimilated by the young public. In conclusion, both proposals of cold coffee beverages (by hot or cold extraction) were well accepted considering their sensory and non-sensory aspects.Item Effectiveness and selectivity of herbicides applied under pre-emergence conditions in weed management for coffee crop(Editora UFLA, 2021) Gonçalves Netto, Acácio; Presoto, Jéssica Cursino; Resende, Laís Sousa; Malardo, Marcelo Rafael; Andrade, Jeisiane de Fátima; Nicolai, Marcelo; Carvalho, Saul Jorge Pinto de; Rodrigues, Matheus Rossi; Marçal, Marcela Borges TomásThe coffee plant is sensitive to weed competition, which negatively affects its growth and development. Thus, the proper and safe use of herbicides is extremely important for weed management to allow the crop to develop its maximum productive potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the control efficacy of different herbicides under pre-emergence conditions and assess their selectivity for coffee crops. Two experiments were carried out in the field, in randomized block designs, with four replicates and eight treatments, totaling 32 experimental plots. The treatments were: unweeded control; weeded control; sulfentrazone + diuron 1.4 L ha-1; sulfentrazone + diuron 1.7 L ha-1; sulfentrazone + diuron 2.0 L ha-1; sulfentrazone + diuron with indaziflam 1.4 + 0.15 L ha-1; respectively, indaziflam 0.15 L ha-1; and oxyfluorfen + chlorimuron 3.0 L ha-1 + 0.08 kg ha-1, respectively. The treatments were applied prior to the emergence of weeds in a directed spray between the crop rows. Evaluations of weed control in the area, phytotoxicity to the crop, branch length, and internode distance of coffee were conducted at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days after treatment application (DAA). In general, all treatments guaranteed greater than 80% efficacy up to 60 DAA. After this, some treatments suffered reductions in efficacy, and did not guarantee satisfactory con trol up to 120 DAA. For Digitaria nuda, the most effective treatments were those that contained indaziflam alone or in combination with sulfentrazone + diuron, and oxyfluorfen + chlorimuron for 60 DAA. In both experiments and the two species analyzed, the indaziflam treatments guaranteed efficacy percentages above 80%, even at 120 DAA. All treatments were equally selective for the coffee plants under the conditions evaluated.Item Coffee genotypes morphophysiological adaptation under coffee leaf rust biotic stress(Editora UFLA, 2021) Viana, Mariana Thereza Rodrigues; Azevedo, Harianna Paula Alves de; Pereira, Fernanda Aparecida Castro; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Guimarães, Rubens JoséThe identification of morphophysiological traits responsible for a better plant behavior when infected is useful for cultivar selection, and become crucial for breeding. We investigated the morphophysiological behavior of coffee genotypes before and after inoculation with the pathogen Hemileia vastatrix, causal agent of coffee rust. With multivariate techniques we identified the characteristics that most contribute to total genetic divergence of the geno types. Ten genotypes of Coffea arabica from the Germplasm Bank of Coffee from Minas Gerais were sown in a nursery and then take to a greenhouse with controlled temperature and humidity. After one month of acclimatization, the artificial inoculation with the fungus H. vastatrix was carried out. The anatomical and physiological evaluations were performed 1 day before inoculation and 160 days after inoculation. When the first symptom emerged, plants were evaluated according to a descriptive scale for coffee rust. We observed significant differences in rust severity and ostiole opening between genotypes. Different groups were formed by the K-means method, based on morphophysiological characteristics. This shows that genetic variability exists between the coffee genotypes evaluated before and after inoculation with the pathogen. The most important characteristics that contributed to the total genetic divergence were xylem vessel diameter and stomatal conductance. In conclusion, inoculation with H. vastatrix caused a change in coffee geno types based on morphophysiological characteristics.Item Resistance and effect of insecticide-treated coffee berries of different varieties to the penetration of Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)(Editora UFLA, 2021) Davi Júnior, Salmo de Melo; Soares, Walyson Silva; Celoto, Fernando Juari; Fernandes, Flávio Lemes; Oliveira, Mariana Martins Fernandes; Botrel, Gabriel Buso BorgesThe control of Hypothenemus hampei, coffee berry borer (CBB) is difficult as the insects infest inside coffee berries and are thus protected from agrochem icals. Coffee varieties with an increased penetration time by H. hampei can help control this pest tends to be exposed insecticide action for long time. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the time taken by H. hampei to entirely penetrate berries of different coffee varieties and whether insecticides have any influence on the penetration time. Thus, twenty five berries of 27 coffee varieties in the green phenological stage were introduced in rubber caps, with the berry crown exposed.. From this experiment, seven varieties were selected for another bioassay, with insecticides being sprayed on the berries. Copulated female H. hampei were released on the berry, and the penetration time was assessed. Finally, a free-choice test to verify H. hampei food preference was performed, using the same seven coffee varieties. The insects took longer to penetrate the Arara, Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144, and Guará coffee-variety berries. Moreover, all coffee varieties treated with the insecticide cyantraniliprole inhibited penetration by H. hampei. Most coffee varieties treated with insecticides showed a prolonged penetration time by H. hampei compared to the same untreated ones, except for the chlorpyrifos insecticide in the Catuaí IAC 144 and IAC 62 varieties. Additionally, H. hampei showed no feeding preference among the different tested coffee varieties.Item Nutritional efficiency in phosphorus of arabica coffee genotypes(Editora UFLA, 2021) Vilela, Diego Júnior Martins; Coelho, Larissa Sousa; Silva, Douglas Ramos Guelfi; Carvalho, Gladyston Rodrigues; Botelho, Cesar Elias; Ferreira, André DominghettiNutritional efficiency is a term used to characterize plants in their capacity to uptake and use nutrients, being related to the efficiency of uptake, translocation, and utilization of nutrients. Different coffee genotypes are expected to exhibit variability in their nutritional efficiency. This work aimed to evaluate the phosphorus nutritional efficiency in arabica coffee genotypes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), located in the municipality of Lavras – Minas Gerais, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, in a 10x2 factorial scheme (10 arabica coffee genotypes and two dosages of phosphate fertilization), with four replicates. Each experimental plot consisted of one pot with ten liters of soil, with one plant. The cultivars Catiguá MG2, MGS Ametista and Sarchimor MG 8840 are neither efficient nor responsive to phosphate fertilization. Progeny H 6-47-10 pl. 3 and the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 144 are not efficient but are responsive to phosphate fertilization. The cultivars Paraíso MG H 419-1, Topázio MG 1190 and MGS Paraíso 2 are efficient but are not responsive to phosphate fertilization. The cultivars Bourbon Amarelo IAC J10 and MGS Aranãs are efficient and responsive to phosphate fertilization.Item Cold coffee seeds storage with different water content(Editora UFLA, 2021) Penido, Amanda Carvalho; Reis, Venícius Urbano Vilela; Rezende, Édila Maria de; Rocha, Debora Kelli; Oliveira, João Almir; Rosa, Sttela Dellyzete Veiga Franco daCoffee seeds are classified as intermediate because they have low tolerance to desiccation and low longevity. Consequently, moisture control and storage conditions are important factors in maintaining the physiological quality of these seeds. Thus, the objective in this work was to evaluate the water content effect on coffee seed longevity. Seeds of five Coffea arabica cultivars from the 2016/2017 crop were used. Part of the harvested seeds was dried in the shade until reach 12% moisture and the other part did not go through drying process, remaining with 40% water content. The seeds were stored in a cold chamber at 10 ºC for a period of nine months, and the physiological quality was evaluated every three months by germination, root protrusion, seedlings with expanded cotyledonary leaves, seedling dry mass and enzymatic analysis of catalase enzymes and superoxide dismutase. Regardless of the cultivar, wet seeds coffee storage provides better maintenance of physiological quality for up to nine months. Seedling vigor is reduced throughout the storage period, regardless of seed water content.Item Factors related to coffee quality, based on the “Cup of Excellence” contest in Mexico(Editora UFLA, 2021) Gumecindo-Alejo, Ana Laura; Sánchez-Landero, Luz Amelia; Ortiz-Ceballos, Gustavo Celestino; Cerdán-Cabrera, Carlos Roberto; Alvarado-Castillo, GerardoCoffee farming in Mexico is an activity of great economic, social, cultural, and environmental importance. One of the strategies for obtaining better prices is so-called “specialty coffees”, whose quality is evaluated through the “cup of excellence” contest. The aim of this work was to identify if there are factors related to the quality of coffee, based on the data provided by this contest. Information was obtained for the period 2012 to 2019 (since the event was suspended in 2020), but given the heterogeneity in the data, exclusion, and inclusion criteria were applied, examining only the years 2017 to 2019. Descriptive analyses show that, in Mexico, the coffee producing states of Veracruz and Chiapas predominate the highest scores, possibly because they are regions with the highest presence of biodiversity, which favors the quality of the coffee. A simple linear regression model also noted that quantitative variables (altitude, temperature, and precipitation) do not affect cup quality. Finally, a square chi analysis showed that the factors that affect the score are the process and mixing of varieties, which establish differences in the sensory characteristics of coffee, observing dependence between the two. It is concluded that the latter influence the score, where the washing process is best suited for coffees with an extraordinary quality profile, as well as the use of one or three varieties (particularly Arabica type) and that environmental and site components do not have a decisive effect on coffee cup quality.Item Control of Digitaria insularis resistant to glyphosate using a combination of herbicides in coffee farms(Editora UFLA, 2021) Onofre, Luís Carlos; Onofre, Thiago Borba; Rezende, Tiago TeruelCoffee has a significant economic, social, and cultural impact on Brazilian society, generating jobs for thousands of Brazilians. Good management practices such as weed control have direct and indirect benefits on coffee yield and quality. Currently, there is an increase in the infestation rate of Digitaria insularis in coffee plantations due to chemical resistance to glyphosate. In the literature, the study of the combination of glyphosate with different herbicides has been investigated, aiming at improving the efficiency of the control of D. insularis. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of control of the D. insularis in a coffee farm using a combination of glyphosate with clethodim and phenoxaprope-p-ethyl. Trials were conducted in a commercial coffee farm in southern Minas Gerais in a field with a two-year-old cultivar IAC Catuaí 144. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications, totaling 20 experimental plots. Thirty and ninety days after application, the number of plant were counted. The results show that the use of glyphosate alone was not efficient to control of D. insularis. The results show that the herbicide mixtures were efficient in the control.Item Physicochemical parameters of arabica fermented coffee in different altitudes(Editora UFLA, 2021) Pereira, Lucas Louzada; Guarçoni, Rogério Carvalho; Moreli, Aldemar Polonini; Pinheiro, Patrícia Fontes; Pinheiro, Carlos Alexandre; Moreira, Taís Rizzo; Siqueira, Evandro de Andrade; Caten, Carla Schwengber tenThe coffee quality interacts with different processes, techniques, analyses, and concepts. This study applied six different forms of wet fermentation to coffee from different altitude ranges to understand how coffee quality interacts with the physicochemical profile and its possible relations with sensory variables. Statistical analysis was performed through combined analyses of variance of the experiments, and the means were compared by the Tukey test considering the significance level of 5%. Regression models were tested by the F-test and the parameters by the t-test, followed by Pearson correlation analysis between the sensory and physicochemical characteristics and between physicochemical variables. The results indicate a correlation between sensory and physicochemical variables for total titratable acidity and indicate that these compounds are affected by the manner of fermentation applied as well as the edaphic and climatic conditions.