Coffee Science - v.14, n.1, 2019

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/12058

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Coffee silverskin and expired coffee powder used as organic fertilizers
(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Carnier, Ruan; Berton, Ronaldo Severiano; Coscione, Aline Renee; Pires, Adriana Marlene Moreno; Corbo, Jessica Zuanazzi
The coffee industry produces a wide range of organic wastes, some in large amounts, and most of them do not have a well-defined final disposal. The agricultural use of these wastes can be based on the recycling of nitrogen (N), but their chemical characterization and evaluation with soil under controlled conditions are required. The aim in this work was to evaluate the use of coffee silverskin and expired coffee powder as organic fertilizers. The wastes were chemically characterized according to CONAMA’S resolution No. 375 and passed through Brazil’s Agriculture Ministry normative for organic fertilizers. A greenhouse experiment with Rhodic Ferralsol soil and maize as a model plant was carried out to obtain the agronomic efficiency index (AEI) for nitrogen. Three treatments were considered: one control (without waste), ammonium nitrate as a mineral reference, and both organic wastes, at a dose of 450 mg of Kjeldahl nitrogen per pot, in triplicate. The characterization results were favorable to the wastes as nitrogen sources for agriculture. However, the AEIs obtained were low (0.5 and 7.9% for the expired coffee powder and the coffee silverskin, respectively) compared to that of the mineral reference (92%). Although coffee silverskin and expired coffee powder showed nitrogen levels were well above the minimum require by normative (0.5 % m/m), its use as organic fertilizers (as exclusive sources of N) is not recommended since less than 10% of N was available as showed by the AEI index.
Influence of the use of coverage plants and the bioactivator in the physical-biological characteristics of soil cultivated with coffee
(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Franco Junior, Kleso Silva; Florentino, Ligiane Aparecida; Dias, Marcio de Souza; Franco, Thais Cristina
One of the alternatives to increase productivity and without harming the environment is the use of green cover associated with soil bioactivators. However, there are still incipient studies reporting the association influence of these two techniques on soil quality. In this sense, the aim in this work was to evaluate the Penergetic ® bioactivator effect associated to different cover plants on the physical and biological characteristics of the soil cultivated with coffee tree. The experiment was carried out in a coffee field with Catuaí Vermelho cultivar IAC 144, in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme 4 x 2, consisting of control (without plant cover); oats (Avena strigosa) + forage turnip (Raphanus sativus); oats (Avena strigosa) + forage turnip (Raphanus sativus L) + lupine (Lupinus albus) + rye (Secale cereale) + vetch (Vicia sativa) (OFLRV); Brachiaria brizantha (Urochloa brizantha), associated or not with the Penergetic ® bioactivator use. The experiment was conducted for 6 months and after that period physical and biological soil characteristics were analyzed. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the means of treatment were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The treatments containing cover plants had lower temperature and greater water retention. The bioactivator use reduced the nematodes population from the Meloidogyne genus and when associated to the cover plants showed increased the density of diazotrophic bacteria and solubilizers of phosphorus and potassium.
Nitrogen fertilizers technologies for coffee plants
(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Chagas, Wantuir Filipe Teixeira; Silva, Douglas Ramos Guelfi; Lacerda, Jordana Reis; Pinto, Leandro Campos; Andrade, André Baldansi; Faquin, Valdemar
The application of urea in coffee crop has caused high losses of nitrogen (N) by volatilization, causing low use and recovery of this nutrient. This low use of N may interfere in the growth and nutrition of the coffee crop and thus, influence the efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization. The aim in this work was to assess the growth, nutritional and physiological characteristics and the agronomic efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization with different nitrogen fertilizer technologies. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse in pots with a volume of 14 L. In each pot, it was performed the transplanting of two plants of coffee. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with four replicates. The following nitrogen fertilizers were applied in the dose of 10g pot -1 , devided into three applications with interval of 50 days: Conventional urea; ammonium nitrate; urea + formaldehyde; Polyblen Extend ® ; Polyblen Montanha ® ; Urea + polyurethane; urea + plastic resin; ammonium sulfate + CaCO 3 and the control, without N application. After cropping, it was evaluated the growth, nutritional and physiological parameters. Afterward, it was calculated two agronomic efficiency index of the nitrogen fertilization. The highest values of plants height, the total dry mass of plants and leaf area in coffee seedlings were found with the application of Polyblen Extend ® . This blend also provided higher accumulation of N in the leaf and the whole plant. The application of Polyblen Extend ® provided higher agronomic efficiency and also enhanced the photosynthetic rate in the coffee plants.