Coffee Science - v.14, n.1, 2019
URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/12058
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Item Applications of copper-based fungicides and infestations of Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet) in coffee plants(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Sabino, Paulo Henrique de Siqueira; Silva, Gian Otávio Alves da; Silva, Adriano Bortolotti da; Carvalho, Geraldo AndradeThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of applying fungicides with different sources of copper and of the number of applications on the occurrence of Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Menéville & Perrottet, 1842) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae) and on the wax content on leaves in a coffee plantation. Four applications of fungicides were carried out, and the effects on the number of leaves mined by the insect and on the wax content on the leaf surface were evaluated. The copper- based fungicides increased the number of leaves mined by the leaf-miner and reduced the wax content on the coffee leaf surfaces in both periods studied.Item Agronomic techniques for mitigating the effects of water restriction on coffee crops(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Barcelos, Thales Resende; Guimarães, Rubens José; Carvalho, Milene Alves de Figueiredo; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Bastos, Isadora dos Santos; Cruvinel, Arthur HenriqueWater restriction significantly affects coffee (Coffea arabica L.) production. The study of a few agronomic techniques that optimizes water use can generate technologies for mitigating the effects of climatic variations on coffee crops. The aim in this study was to indicate agronomic techniques that mitigate the effects of water restriction on coffee crops. For this end, we analyzed the morphophysiological changes in coffee plants cultivated in a greenhouse with different types of fertilizers and soil conditioners and under two levels of irrigation. The evaluations were performed 130 days after planting, assessing the morphological and physiological characteristics of the plants. We also quantified soil moisture in the different treatments. The water restriction expressively hindered plant growth. The use of controlled release fertilizers and soil conditioners, especially coffee husk, is indicated for mitigating water restriction in coffee crops.Item Influence of the use of coverage plants and the bioactivator in the physical-biological characteristics of soil cultivated with coffee(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Franco Junior, Kleso Silva; Florentino, Ligiane Aparecida; Dias, Marcio de Souza; Franco, Thais CristinaOne of the alternatives to increase productivity and without harming the environment is the use of green cover associated with soil bioactivators. However, there are still incipient studies reporting the association influence of these two techniques on soil quality. In this sense, the aim in this work was to evaluate the Penergetic ® bioactivator effect associated to different cover plants on the physical and biological characteristics of the soil cultivated with coffee tree. The experiment was carried out in a coffee field with Catuaí Vermelho cultivar IAC 144, in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme 4 x 2, consisting of control (without plant cover); oats (Avena strigosa) + forage turnip (Raphanus sativus); oats (Avena strigosa) + forage turnip (Raphanus sativus L) + lupine (Lupinus albus) + rye (Secale cereale) + vetch (Vicia sativa) (OFLRV); Brachiaria brizantha (Urochloa brizantha), associated or not with the Penergetic ® bioactivator use. The experiment was conducted for 6 months and after that period physical and biological soil characteristics were analyzed. The data were submitted to variance analysis and the means of treatment were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The treatments containing cover plants had lower temperature and greater water retention. The bioactivator use reduced the nematodes population from the Meloidogyne genus and when associated to the cover plants showed increased the density of diazotrophic bacteria and solubilizers of phosphorus and potassium.Item Modeling dynamic adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties of specialty ground roasted-coffee (Coffea arabica L.)(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Collazos-Escobar, Gentil Andres; Gutiérrez-Guzmán, Nelson; Váquiro-Herrera, Henry A.Specialty coffee is highly differentiated product because of its sensorial attributes: aroma, body and brand reputation. In specialized markets, these products are highly valued, and sometimes up to six times their commercial value is paid. Thus, it is essential to preserve their freshness. Sorption isotherms are necessary for determining and studying water sorption changes in specialty coffee during storage. This study aimed to determine the adsorption isotherms of specialty ground roasted-coffee at temperatures of 25 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C and water activities between 0.1 and 0.8 using the dynamic dewpoint method (DDI). The experiment sorption data were modeled using 12 different equations with non-linear regression to represent the dependence of the equilibrium moisture content with both water activity and temperature. In addition, the thermodynamic properties were determined with the experiment adsorption data. The results showed that type III isotherms were obtained according to the Brunauer classification, and the Weibull equation satisfactorily modeled the effect of the temperature on the hygroscopic equilibrium in the specialty ground roasted-coffee. The results of thermodynamic analysis showed that the net isosteric heat of adsorption and Gibbs free energy decreased as the equilibrium moisture content increased, indicating the amount of energy released, a strong bond energy between water molecules in the product components and spontaneity in the adsorption process. The entropy of the adsorption increased with the moisture content, leading to product stability conditions during storage; it was possible to conclude that to guarantee the stability of high quality, ground, roasted coffee should store in environments where the water activity does not exceed 0.5 at temperatures between 25 °C and 40 °C. The results were similar to those reported for the roasted and ground coffee of others cultivars.Item Meteorological variables and sensorial quality of coffee in the Mantiqueira region of Minas Gerais(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Borém, Flávio Meira; Luz, Marcos Paulo Santos; Sáfadi, Thelma; Volpato, Margarete Marin Lordelo; Alves, Helena Maria Ramos; Borém, Rosângela Alves Tristão; Maciel, Daniel AndradeThe objective in this study was to identify meteorological variables related to the sensorial quality of the coffees from Mantiqueira region in Minas Gerais. Meteorological conditions are strongly related to the coffee’s sensorial characteristics, however, there aren’t many studies quantifying this relation. Air temperature and rainfall data were collected and spatialized for regional analysis. These were associated to the 2007 through 2011 coffees’ beverage scores. The region was stratified according to relief characteristics. The bigger frequency of high scores occurred on the region’s central-south, where coffee cultivation is performed above 900 m altitude. For the in loco study, meteorological data and coffee samples were collected in selected pilot areas. Coffee crops were selected in three altitude ranges: below 1000 m, between 1000 and 1200 m, and over 1200 m. Above 1000 m the meteorological variable that presented the biggest variation was the air temperature. Above 1000 m the smallest thermal amplitude occurred, which provided superior quality coffees. The study demonstrates the importance of the meteorological variable characterization aiming to identify locations with greater vocation to the specialty coffees production.Item Control of the coffee roasting stage using artificial vision techniques(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Sarria-González, Juan Camilo; Ivorra-Martínez, Eugenio; Girón-Hernández, JoelArtificial vision techniques were used to evaluate its application in the control of the coffee roasting stage. Coffee samples of Colombia and Castillo varieties were obtained and analyzed by comparing images during the roasting stage. A one-way ANOVA analysis exhibited 94.28% of similarity of the coffee varieties studied; a multivariate analysis showed significant differences (p<0.05) for the time factor and its interaction with the variety factor, no differences were observed (p>0.05) for the coffee varieties. Additionally, a Principal Component, with two components demonstrated 90.77% of the variance by differentiating the samples in the different roasting times. Therefore, the proposed technique could be used in the control of the coffee roasting stage.Item Infection process of Cercospora coffeicola in immature coffee fruits(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Paula, Paulo Victor Augusto Azevedo de; Pozza, Edson Ampélio; Alves, Eduardo; Moreira, Silvino Intra; Paula, Júlio Cesar Azevedo; Santos, Leandro AlvarengaCercosporiosis is caused by Cercospora coffeicola and represents a very important coffee plants phytosanitary problem. Catuaí IAC 144 and Topázio cultivars at the F2 stage were inoculated with a conidial suspension. Samples were collected at 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 168 hours after inoculation (hai) for scanning electron microscope studies. Fungal germination in epidermal surface occurred four hai; penetration only through epidermal wounds, without appressoria, started at 12 hai while the mycelial colonization occurred at 72 hai. The infection in immature coffee fruits implies brown eyespot control management anticipation need, even before the first symptoms.Item Simultaneous selection in coffee progenies of mundo novo by selection indices(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Tasson, Guilherme Augusto Teixeira; Nadaleti, Denis Henrique Silva; Carvalho, Gladyston Rodrigues; Pereira, Fernanda Aparecida Castro; Andrade, Vinícius Teixeira; Botelho, César EliasCoffee cultivars that are better adapted and more productive can help reduce production costs and make coffee cultivation more profitable. The Mundo Novo cultivar has stood out as one of the most productive cultivars of Coffea arabica L. Therefore, the aim of this work was to select Mundo Novo progenies with high bean yield capacity and with other agronomic characteristics of interest. We evaluated the bean yield, seed size, plant height, upper and lower canopy diameter, stem diameter, and plant vigor of 24 F 4 progenies and one check cultivar. The experimental design consisted of a randomized complete block design with three replicates and experiments were carried out in two sites: São Sebastião do Paraíso (SSP) and Três Pontas (TP), MG, Brazil. The mixed model approach was used to calculate the genotypic value for each progeny, after which the selective accuracy and genetic gain of the two best progenies in each trait were calculated, the simultaneous selection index of Mulamba and Mock was used to select the two most promising progenies at each site. In general, the genetic gain was higher at SSP than at TP. In SSP, the most promising progenies were 1 [IAC376-2 (M. Novo) x IAC386-17 (M. Novo)] and 20 [IAC382-10 (M. Novo) x IAC388-20 (M. Novo)]. In TP, the most promising progeny was 22 [H1535/181 (M. Novo) x (S795) 1344/10/5], together with the check (Mundo Novo IAC379/19). The highest selection gain was expressed for bean size (the percentage of beans retained in sieve 17).Item Growth, anatomy and physiology of coffee plants intoxicated by the herbicide glyphosate(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Castanheira, Dalyse Toledo; Alecrim, Ademilson de Oliveira; Voltolini, Giovani Belutti; Rezende, Tiago Teruel; Menicucci Netto, Pedro; Guimarães, Rubens JoséWeed control is fundamental in coffee cultivation due to their high interference, competing with the crop for water, light and nutrients. Among the control methods used, chemical control is highlighted, due to its high efficiency and low cost. However, due to application failures, herbicide drift phytotoxicity is common. Aiming at the search for selective active ingredients in coffee, the objective of this study was to growth, anatomy and physiology of coffee plants intoxicated by the herbicide Glyphosate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ‘Topázio MG1190’ coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.), cultivated in pots with an 11 L-substrate capacity. The statistical design was randomized block design (RBD), with four replicates and four doses of the herbicide, making up 16 experimental plots. Each plot consisted of three plants. The treatments were: (i) 0%; (ii) 10%; (iii) 25% and (iv) 50% of the commercial dose of the herbicide Glyphosate. The evaluations were performed at 104 days after application of the treatments. Growth, morphological, and physiological characteristics were evaluated. The effect of glyphosate drift impairs plant growth. However, after 104 days of intoxication, there is no longer any effect on the physiology and leaf anatomy of coffee plants.Item Selection of coffee progenies with large beans resistant to rust and cercospora leaf spot(Editora UFLA, 2019-01) Pereira, Fernanda Aparecida Castro; Carvalho, Samuel Pereira de; Viana, Mariana Thereza Rodrigues; Vidal, Douglas Alves; Ferreira, Guilherme Souza; Silva, Joyce Alves Goulart da; Sâmia, Michelly PereiraRust is the main disease of coffee. Recently, cercospora leaf spot has grown in importance, intensifying defoliation and decreasing grain yield in Coffea arabica. The Big Coffee VL is a variety of C. arabica, with large beans. There is still little information on this variety. Because of this, the aim of this study was to use a mixed model approach to select the best progenies of “Big Coffee VL” for resistance to rust and cercospora leaf spot. There were evaluated 12 progenies with high bean yields. Based on bean size, leaves and plant size, plants within each progeny were classified as “small” (P), “medium” (M) and “large” (G). The experimental design was in blocks completely randomized, with six replicates and one plant per plot. Six measurements were carried out every 15 days for each plant by selecting 20 fully exposed leaves with higher and lower sun exposures. The measurements summarized disease severity using two diagrammatic scales to obtain the area of the leaf under rust or Cercospora leaf spot. A mixed model approach was used to calculate genotypic value (GV) and heritability estimates. The Mulamba and Mock index was used to select the most resistant progenies, in which the sum of rankings was weighted by a heritability value. Five progenies were selected; three progenies were G (G17, G9, and G12), one progeny was M (M5) and another progeny P (P23). Among these, M5 and P23 progenies are the most productive and may have potential use in future studies. This work presents the potential in investigating the new C. arabica variety.