Summa Phytopathologica

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/13105

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Anatomical changes on coffee leaves infected by Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae
(Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, 2015) Rodrigues, Lucas Mateus Rivero; Queiroz-Voltan, Rachel Benetti; Guerreiro Filho, Oliveiro
Although poorly studied, the bacterial halo blight is an important disease in the major coffee-producing states of Brazil. External damage and anatomical changes on leaves were measured in seedlings of Coffea arabica cv. Mundo Novo, susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae, by using histological sections obtained at 10 and 20 days after inoculation (DAI). The changes on the epidermis were smaller than the lesions measured in the mesophyll, irrespective of the evaluated colonization period, showing that the internal damage caused by the bacterium represent twice the damage observed externally. From the inoculation site, lysis occurred on the epidermal cells and on the palisade and spongy parenchyma cells, with strong staining of their cellular contents, as well as abnormal intercellular spaces in the palisade parenchyma, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of mesophyll cells and partial destruction of chloroplasts. Additionally, this study revealed the presence of inclusion bodies in epidermal and mesophyll cells. Bacterial masses were found in the apoplast between and within mesophyll cells. Bacteria were also observed in the bundle sheath and vascular bundles and were more pronounced at 20 DAI, not only near the inoculation site but also in distant areas, suggesting displacement through the vascular system. These results can be useful to understand this plant-pathogen interaction.
Efeito de indutores de resistência em cafeeiro contra a mancha de Phoma
(Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, 2009) Nojosa, Gutemberg Barone Araújo; Resende, Mário Lúcio Vilela; Barguil, Beatriz Meireles; Moraes, Sylvia Raquel Gomes; Boas, Carla Heloísa Vilas
O efeito dos produtos acibenzolar S-metil ester (ASM, Bion®), fosfito de potássio (Hortifós PK®) e de um fertilizante foliar (Nutex Axcell®) foi avaliado sobre a germinação de esporos e no crescimento micelial de Phoma costarricensis. O efeito desses produtos também foi avaliado na severidade da mancha de Phoma em mudas de cafeeiro. O percentual de germinação dos conídios de P. costarricensis não foi afetado pelas doses de fosfito e ASM, mas reduções no crescimento micelial do fungo foram observadas. A AACPD e a severidade da doença foram menores em todos os tratamentos quando comparados com a testemunha inoculada. Nas plantas tratadas com o fungicida tebuconazole, utilizado como padrão, foi observada redução de 50,9% na severidade da doença. Os menores valores de severidade e de AACPD foram observados nas plantas tratadas com ASM 0,1 g/L; Fosfito 2,5 mL/L; Fosfito 5,0 mL/L e o fertilizante Nutex Axcell® 4,0 mL/L.
Geostatistical analysis of bacterial blight in coffee tree seedlings in the nursery
(Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, 2018) Belan, Leônidas Leoni; Pozza, Edson Ampélio; Alves, Marcelo de Carvalho; Freitas, Marcelo Loran de Oliveira
In nurseries of coffee tree seedlings (Coffea arabica), there are favorable conditions for bacterial blight epidemics (Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae). Studying the spatial distribution of diseased plants can help in the adoption of management strategies. Likewise, geostatistics has been applied to shape the spatial distribution and study epidemiological aspects of plant diseases. Thus, this study was developed to characterize the spatial distribution pattern of bacterial blight in a nursery of coffee tree seedlings. The disease progress was monitored over time in 704 seedlings organized in lines and columns in a nursery. Considering the mean diameter of the pots used for producing seedlings, georeferencing was carried out in Cartesian coordinate system for the seedlings in the nursery. The disease incidence data were subjected to non-spatial exploratory analysis and geostatistical analysis. The spherical isotropic semivariogram model was adjusted to the data and data interpolation was performed by ordinary kriging to visualize the spatial distribution of symptomatic seedlings. Bacterial blight epidemic was detected in the nursery during the experimental period, and there was variability and spatial dependence in relation to the distribution of diseased seedlings. As the epidemic progressed, the population of diseased plants increased, as well as the number and the size of the foci and their coalescence. Besides, there was an increase in the range value, sill and nugget effect. The kriging maps showed the disease progress and its variance. The bacterial blight epidemic of coffee tree started with a random spatial distribution pattern, progressing to an aggregate pattern.
Incubation period of Hemileia vastatrix in coffee plants in Brazil simulated under climate change
(Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, 2011) Ghini, Raquel; Hamada, Emília; Pedro Júnior, Mário José; Gonçalves, Renata Ribeiro do Valle
Risk analysis of climate change on plant diseases has great importance for agriculture since it allows the evaluation of management strategies to minimize future damages. This work aimed to simulate futures cenarios of coffee rust (Hemileia vastatrix) epidemics by elaborating geographic distribution maps using a model that estimates the pathogen incubation period and the output from three General Circulation Models (CSIRO-Mk3.0, INM-CM3.0, and MIROC3.2.medres). The climatological normal from 1961-1990 was compared with that of the decades 2020s, 2050s and 2080s using scenarios A2 and B1 from the IPCC. Maps were prepared with a spatial resolution of 0.5 × 0.5 degrees of lat itude and longitude for ten producing states in Brazil. The climate variables used were maximum and minimum monthly temperatures. The maps obtained in scenario A2 showed a tendency towards a reduction in the incubation period when future scenarios are compared with the climatological normal from 1961-1990. A reduction in the period was also observed in scenario B1, although smaller than that in scenario A2.
Seletividade de fungicidas cúpricos e sistêmicos sobre o fungo Cladosporium cladosporioides em cafeeiro
(Grupo Paulista de Fitopatologia, 2007) Chalfoun, Sára Maria; Cunha, Rodrigo Luz da; Carvalho, Vicente Luiz de; Nogueira, Denismar Alves
A ocorrência do fungo Cladosporium sp. em frutos do cafeeiro é freqüente e coincide com o período de controle de doenças desta cultura. O fungo Cladosporium sp. tem sido relatado associado a cafés de boa qualidade portanto, é importante que os fungicidas sejam seletivos aos agentes antagonistas de fungos deletérios à qualidade do café sendo o Cladosporium sp incluído neste grupo. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi testar a seletividade de alguns produtos utilizados visando o controle de doenças do cafeeiro sobre o fungo Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fres.) de Vries. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em uma lavoura da cultivar Acaiá Cerrado MG 1474, com 6 anos de idade no espaçamento adensado de 2,0 x 0,6 m, onde foram testados produtos preventivos, a base de cobre, e sistêmico, aplicados isoladamente e associados. Foram empregados como produtos cúpricos o oxicloreto de cobre (50% de cobre metálico) e Calda Viçosa comercial e como sistêmico o epoxiconazole. A avaliação da incidência de C. cladosporioides foi realizada através de notas subjetivas, em quatro épocas, registrando em porcentagem a área com crescimento fúngico sobre os frutos do cafeeiro. Verificou-se que enquanto nos tratamentos com fungicida epoxiconazole aplicado isoladamente ou associado ao fungicida cúprico o fungo apresentava-se inicialmente com baixa incidência, aumentando progressivamente a partir do mês de maio, nos tratamentos com apenas fungicidas cúpricos a incidência do fungo mostrou-se elevada desde maio, indicando não ter sido afetada e/ou mesmo favorecida por pulverizações anteriores do produto.