Arquivos do Instituto Biológico

URI permanente para esta coleçãohttps://thoth.dti.ufv.br/handle/123456789/13097

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Progresso temporal da ferrugem alaranjada em cultivares de cafeeiro no oeste de São Paulo
(Instituto Biológico, 2013) Paulo, E.M.; Montes, S.M.N.M.; Fischer, I.H.
A ferrugem é a doença mais comum das lavouras de café. O trabalho estudou nos cultivares de Coffea arabica L. Acaiá IAC 474-19, Catuaí Amarelo IAC 47, Icatu Amarelo IAC 2944, Icatu Vermelho IAC 4045, Obatã IAC 1669-20 e Apoatã IAC 2258 (Coffea canephora Pierre ex Fhroen) a incidência da ferrugem. O ensaio foi realizado em Adamantina, SP, onde os cafeeiros foram plantados no espaçamento de 4,0 x 2,0 m, com duas plantas por cova e dispostos em 6 linhas com 15 a 20 covas cada. No período entre junho de 2008 a dezembro de 2009, quinzenalmente, coletou-se ao acaso 30 folhas obtidas nos terços superior, médio e inferior dos cafeeiros e calculou-se a porcentagem das folhas com sintomas característicos da ferrugem. Calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da ferrugem para cada um dos cultivares. Constatou-se a doença na Icatu Amarelo IAC 2944 e Icatu Vermelho IAC 4045, cultivares descritos como resistentes/tolerantes à ferrugem. Concluiu se que a incidência diferiu entre os cultivares e diminuiu com o aumento da temperatura, mas não com a precipitação pluvial. A incidência da doença menor que 5% nos cafeeiros ocorreu com temperaturas máximas médias mensais maiores que 30º C.
Atividade antifúngica, in vitro, do óleo de café verde
(Instituto Biológico, 2016) Elizei, Virgínia Guerra; Chalfoun, Sara Maria; Botelho, Deila Magna dos Santos; Rebelles, Pedro Paulo Reis
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do contato direto e da fração volátil do óleo de café verde, testado nas concen trações de 500, 1.000, 1.500 e 2.000 μL L-1, sobre o crescimento micelial e a esporulação dos fungos Penicillium roqueforti e Rhizopus stolonifer. O óleo essencial de cravo-da-índia na concentração de 800 μL L-1 foi utilizado para comparação. Nas concentrações de 1.500 e 2.000 μL L-1, o óleo de café verde em contato direto pro porcionou redução da esporulação do fungo R. stolonifer, sendo estatisticamente semelhante ao óleo de cravo-da-índia. Na fração volátil do óleo de café verde, observou-se redução significativa da esporulação de P. roqueforti e R. stolonifer na concentração de 2.000 μL L-1. O óleo de café verde, em contato direto ou por volatilização, reduziu significativamente o crescimento micelial e a esporulação de ambos os fungos em comparação com a testemunha.
Diferenciação de bactérias do gênero Pseudomonas patogênicas ao cafeeiro por técnicas serológicas
(Instituto Biológico, 2017) Beriam, Luis Otavio Saggion; Patrício, Flavia Rodrigues Alves; Maciel, Karen Wolf; Rodrigues, Lucas Mateus Rivero; Almeida, Irene Maria Gatti de
Há várias bactérias que causam problemas para o cafeeiro, incluindo Pseudomonas cichorii, P. syringae pv. garcae, P. syringae pv. tabaci, Burkholderia andropogonis e Xylella fastidiosa, todas elas já descritas no Brasil. Tentativas de diferenciar essas bactérias por testes serológicos de dupla difusão em ágar (dda), com antissoros produzidos contra células íntegras de P. s. pv. garcae, mostraram reações cruzadas, principalmente entre P. s. pv. garcae e P. s. pv. tabaci. Dessa forma, foram produzidos antissoros contra P. s. pv. garcae (linhagem patotipo IBSBF-248 — Coleção de Culturas de Fitobactérias do Instituto Biológico — IBSBF), obtidos por meio de imunizações de coelhos com antígenos de proteínas do complexo proteico da membrana (CPM). Esses antissoros foram testados por dupla difu são em agarose (dda) contra diversas formas de antígenos extraídos de P. cichorii, P. s. pv. garcae e P. s. pv. tabaci [células autoclavadas, células tratadas com formol, exopolissacarídeos (EPS), glicoproteí nas (GP) da cápsula bacteriana, proteínas de membrana e suspen são bacteriana (SB) em NaCl 0,85%]. Os resultados mostraram que, dependendo do antígeno e do meio suporte da dupla difusão (com ou sem MgCl2 e/ou azul de tripano), os antissoros reagem somente com P. s. pv. garcae. Desse modo, esses antígenos podem ser usados para a rápida diagnose da mancha aureolada do cafeeiro nos testes de dda.
Can the leaf age influence the susceptibility to bacterialleaf- spot and bacterial-halo-blight on coffee seedlings?
(Instituto Biológico, 2018) Tomiyama, Ana Laura Midori Rossi; Rodrigues, Lucas Mateus Rivero; Andrade, Vinicius Teixeira; Beriam, Luis Otavio Saggion; Destéfano, Suzete Aparecida Lanza; Guerreiro Filho, Oliveiro
Pseudomonas syringae van Hall, 1902, causes yield losses in innumerous economic important crops. On coffee trees, P. syringae pv. garcae causes the bacterial-halo-blight (BHB) and P. syringae pv. tabaci the bacterial-leaf-spot (BLS). Recently, these diseases incidence has increase in occurrence areas and aggressiveness in Brazil. Although leaf age plays a role in the severity response of BHB, it is not known yet if this phenomenon also occurs in coffee-BLS interaction, and with highly virulent strains. So, we examined differences in the diseases severity by inoculation of P. syringae pv. garcae and P. syringae pv. Tabaci strains on coffee leaves with different ages, to compare this aspect with coffee-BLS interaction. Our results showed that, for both pathovars, the severity was greater at the first internodes leaves, although for the most aggressive strains it was quite similar on any leaf age.
Multiple resistance to bacterial halo blight and bacterial leaf spot in Coffea spp.
(Instituto Biológico, 2019) Rodrigues, Lucas Mateus Rivero; Destéfano, Suzete Aparecida Lanza; Almeida, Irene Maria Gatti de; Beriam, Luís Otávio Saggion; Braghini, Masako Toma; Guerreiro Filho, Oliveiro
Breeding for genetic resistance is an important method of crop disease management, due to the numerous benefits and low cost of establishment. In this study, progenies of 11 Coffea species and 16 wild C. arabica accessions were tested for their response to Pseudomonas syringae pv. garcae, the causal agent of bacterial halo blight, a widespread disease in the main coffee-producing regions of Brazil and considered a limiting factor for cultivation in pathogen-favorable areas; and also to P. syringae pv. tabaci, causal agent of bacterial leaf spot, a highly aggressive disease recently detected in Brazil. Separate experiments for each disease were carried out in a greenhouse, with artificial pathogen inoculations and ideal moisture conditions for disease development. The results showed that C. canephora, C. congensis, C. eugenioides, C. stenophylla, and C. salvatrix progenies, the wild C. arabica accessions Dilla & Alghe and Palido Viridis, and cultivar IPR 102 contain satisfactory levels of simultaneous resistance against bacterial halo blight and bacterial leaf spot. These results are useful in breeding programs for durable resistance to multiple biotic agents, providing new combinations of resistance alleles by hybridization, as well as for phytopathological studies, to identify infraspecific variability of the pathogens.
Evaluation of leaf and root absorptions of glyphosate in the growth of coffee plants
(Instituto Biológico, 2020) Barbosa, Edimilson Alves; Silva, Isabel Moreira da; França, André Cabral; Silva, Enilson de Barros; Matos, Christiano da Conceição de
Intoxication by dispersion of glyphosate droplets in coffee seedlings is common and, in addition to the problem of drift, there are reports of contamination of this herbicide to a nontarget plant via the rhizosphere. Hydroponics allows the comparison of the translocation of the glyphosate absorbed by the foliage or the roots and avoids the interaction with the soil, which could hamper the achievement of more accurate conclusions when it is absorbed by the root. Thus, the toxicity of glyphosate sublethal dosages in the initial growth of coffee plants in hydroponics was evaluated by applying four sublethal dosages in two different locations (solution and leaf). Fifty days after the application of the herbicide, the intoxication percentage and the growth of the coffee seedlings were evaluated. From the reduced dose of 115.2 g·ha-1 of glyphosate, height reductions, root length; number of leaves, dry mass of leaf, roots and total, leaf area, and leaf mass ratio were observed. The first two parameters were observed only in leaf application and the others via leaf and solution. The aerial part–root ratio system had an increase in herbicide sublethal dosages when applied to leaves and the ratio of leaf area and specific leaf area increased in both applications. Sublethal dosages of glyphosate applied to young coffee plants under hydroponic conditions impair their growth, and it is more accentuated with increasing doses and when the leaves, instead of the roots, absorb the herbicide.
Influence of Meloidogyne incognita race 1 on the development of clones of Coffea canephora, variety “Jequitibá Incaper 8122”
(Instituto Biológico, 2020) Zinger, Lilian Katiany Castello Rabello; Zinger, Fernando Domingo; Alves, Fábio Ramos; Jesus Junior, Waldir Cintra de; Gonçalves, Angelo Oliveira; Cruz, Tatiane Paulino da; Moraes, Willian Bucker; Camara, Guilherme Resende
Root-knot nematode is one of the most important phytosanitary problems for Conilon coffee, as it reduces productivity and is difficult to handle. We aimed at studying the infectivity and damage caused by M. incognita race 1 in the “Jequitibá Incaper 8122” intermediate maturity coffee variety. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in completely randomized design, with five replicates. The clones composing the variety “Jequitibá Incaper 8122” were inoculated with 2,000 eggs + second-stage juveniles of M. incognita race 1. Uninoculated plants were the control. Evaluations were performed 180 days after inoculation, considering the plant height (H), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NOL), leaf area (LA), number of plagiotropic branches (NPB), number of nodes (NN), chlorophyll content (CHLO), shoot dry matter (SDM), root fresh matter (RFM), final population (FNP), and reproduction factor (NRF). The nematode reduced NOL in clones 208 and 209, NRF in clones 201, 203, 207 and 208, NN in clones 203, 207, 208 and 209, CHLO in clones 201, 204, 206, 207 and 209, SDM in clones 201, 203, 204 and 205 and RFM in clones 205 and 207. M. incognita race 1 FNP and NRF were larger in clones 208, 201, 207 and 203. Clone 202 had FNP and NRF equal to zero, being immune to the nematode. Clone 206 presented the lowest NRF value among clones parasitized by M. incognita.
Applying different infective structures of Beauveria bassiana to Coffea arabica infested with Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) under field
(Instituto Biológico, 2023-01-09) Pereira, Raquel Moraes Costa; Almeida, José Eduardo Marcondes de; Batista Filho, Antonio
Coffee is the most appreciated beverage in worldwide; Brazil is the largest producer and exporter of this commodity. Organochlorine endosulfan was banned from the country in 2013 due to its teratogenic agent-related features. Since then, coffee plantations have experienced increased Hypothenemus hampei infestation rates. The aim of the current study is to assess variations in the rates of Coffea arabica fruits brocaded by H. hampei after the application of entomopathogenic fungal species Beauveria bassiana IBCB66. Experiments were carried out with ‘Catuaí’ and ‘Mundo Novo’ cultivars between 2018 and 2020, during the borer transit period. Three experiments were carried out based on the application of the aforementioned fungal species on the investigated coffee plant species, both by spraying and sprinkling, at 30-day intervals; 10 fruits were collected per face of each useful plant in each repetition. The experiment has followed a randomized blocks design with five treatments, including the control, and five repetitions, each. Beauveria bassiana Ecobass (IBCB66) wettable powder spray, at the concentration of 2 × 1013·ha–1, was used in experiments I and II. On the other hand, the mix used in experiment III was prepared with blastospores at concentration of 5 × 1012·ha–1 blastospores + 0.1% Silwet. The sprinkling process in all three experiments has used dry aerial conidia at concentration of 2 × 1013·ha–1. Collected data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), which was followed by Fisher’s test at 5% probability level, in the SISVAR software. More than 35,000 fruits were assessed. In addition to variations between experiments, results have evidenced that the rate of brocaded fruits remained high.
Effect of entomopathogenic fungi on the control of the coffee berry borer in the laboratory
(Instituto Biológico, 2023-10-03) Ferreira, Juliana Silva; Andaló, Vanessa; Fuga, Cícero Augusto Guimarães; Sousa, Thaigoru Soares de; Soares, Carlos Marcelo Silveira
Among the management and control tactics of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), there is the use of entomopathogenic fungi. Due to the importance of prospecting isolates of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of the coffee berry borer, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of 26 isolates of entomopathogenic fungi in the control of this insect pest in the laboratory. The coffee berry borers were immersed in a solution adjusted to the concentration of 1 to 3 × 108 conidia/mL of each isolate and the control treatment (sterilized water). After seven days total mortality and confirmed mortality were evaluated. The isolates that caused the highest mortality and two commercial isolates were selected for evaluation of lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) and lethal time (LT50 and LT90). Coffee berry borers were treated at different conidia concentrations for lethal concentration to assess total and confirmed mortality. For a lethal time, the coffee berry borers were treated at the concentration of 108 conidia/mL of the selected isolates, and, after two days and every 24 hours until the eighth day, the number of dead individuals was verified. Among the 26 isolates evaluated, 24 presented mortality higher than the control treatment, and three presented mortality higher than 85%. In the LC50 and LC90 assays, the IBCB 353 and IBCB 364 isolates were more lethal to H. hampei. In the LT50 and LT90 assays, the IBCB 66 and IBCB 353 isolates caused lethality in a shorter time.